Author . 




Title 



Book.j..U..S. 



Imprint. 



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PRIVATE LEiiONi 



-ON- 






DliEAvSEi 



OF THE 



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HORiE\COW 



BY 



DIL. ICUTHEItFOR.D, V. S. 



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PRICE ^3.00 



OCT 31 lSV-% 

I CUSS A Xa 






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"^ Introduction "^ 



V ^ 

■f 

In presenting to you this book, I have tried to make 
everything plain, leaving out all technical and Latin 
names as far as possible. Every prescription is writ- 
ten in English so any one can understand them. In 
my book you will find the diagnosis, symptoms, etc., 
on one page, and in the back you will find the pre- 
scriptions for each disease and defect. Under the 
diagnosis you will find treatment, then al! you will have 
to do is to turn to prescription leaf and use medicine 
according to directions. I want you to always remem- 
ber this point: It is always necessary for any 
man, to have success with stock in treating them, to 
have confidence in himself, and also in the tivatment he 
is administering. The horse is a very intelligent ani- 
mal and is always ready to obey man when he is well 
and able. The scientific metlicd of treatin.^ horses has 
been greatly neglected. I hope those who purchase 
Private Lessons by P. E. Rutherford, D. V. S. on the 
Diseases of the Horse and Cow \\\\\ read and study 
carefully the points given therein. If you will do this, 
you will be more able to treat your horse as he should 
be treated, and will become more attached to him. 

Remember that the proscriptions found in this book 
are the most liable, as the^Yiare the best products of 
veterinary science. Vours very truly, 

F. E. RUTHERPORD. D. V. S. 



INDCX 



PAGE 

Action of the Heart H 

Acidum Carbolicum ;^o 

Ac Hyedrocyanic ^ •54 

Blind Stagers - ........—. 38 

Bone Spavin 48 

Blain in Cattle - •"'1 

Canibis Indica 33 

Constipation of the Bowels 52 

Costiveness in Cattle ._ 53 

Camphor ^--- 41 

Diarrhoea in Calves 52 

Enlargements 37 

Fistula of the Sternum 49 

Flux or Slimy Black Rot in Cattle 5(i 

Fractures of the Bones <i4 

Fistula or Pollevil :..., 34 

Flatulent Colic 28 

Flatulent Colic Prescription 33 

Genital Organ of the Male 15 

Genital Organ Contimated , 1<) 

Gelseumium ". • 41 

Hoose Calves -'S 

Hints Relating to Milch Cattle 58 

Inflamation of the Bowels 25 

Inttamation of the Treatment 20 

Inrtamation of the Kidneys 29 

Inflamation of the Brain : -.-..- 69 

TnHamation of the Treatment ' 69 



PAGK 

Lnno- Fever •^*^ 

Lung- Fever Treatment 31 

Lock Jaw Preseri|)tion 4(i 

Organs of Abdomen ^1 

Opium or Lodanum '5- 

Organum -^^1 

Oleum Cedar 41 

Oleum Tiglii 42 

Prescription Writing •'•' 

Prescrii)tion ~1 

Peroxoide Hydrogen •'•' 

lleview Lesson ^-^ 

Retention of the Urine "" 

Shoeing- 21 

Spasmodic Colic -•' 

Spasmodic Colic Prescription •^- 

Sun Stroke or Heart Stroke ■^'» 

Splenic Fever •'•' 

Spaying Cattle '•'^ 

Septectemiu in Cattle "" 

Table Weight and Measure •'»•' 

Teeth of Cattle ♦'" 

Tuberculosis in Cattle '•'^ 

The Front Knee - 

•■ Stomache '^ 

■■ Small Intestines !'• 

■■ Colon 11 

■' Pancreas •- 

" Heart •> 

•' Kidneys 14 

" Foot continued 2;? 

" Eye --^ 

Thumps ••' 

Treatment for Fistula or Pollevil -54 

Treatment for Fistula after Oi)earation 34 

Terms Used in Practice *••> 

wolf Teeth '").") 



COPYRIGHTED 1904 

By F. E. RUTHERFORD. D. V. S. 



PRIVATE LESSONS 

—ON— 
—OF THE— 

Horse and Cow 

-By- 
F. E. RUTHERFORD. D. V. S.. Bonham. Texas. 

V V V 

In the foot are two bones and part of another one. 
The first is the ospedis (or foot bone.) The ospedis is 
nearly in shape of the foot; behind this bone is a small 
long bone which lies and braces a joint; this bone is 
called the osnavicular; it lies cross ways of the heel. 
The next bone above is the oscornea; the union of the 
ospedis and the oscornea is called the coffin joint, and 
this is the joint that the osnayicular braces. Now 
above the oscernea is the ossuffranges; the union of 
these two bones form the small pastern. At the top of 
the osuff ranges is the ostibia (or shin bone;) the union 
of these two bones is called the fetlock joint. At the 
back of this joint are twosrtiall bones called sessamoids; 



— 2— 

they arc not licld in place by the cartilaj?e as most 
bones, but by the back tendons of the limb. At the top 
of the tibia, on each side is a small long bone called 
small metatarsel. These bones are about three-fourths 
as long as the tibia and in advanced age are adhered to 
it. The top of these two bones only reach up as high 
as the top of the tibia. Now on the top of these bones 
the carpus. The carpus (or knee) consist of seven sep- 
arate bones. 

Lesson 2. 

THE FRONT KNEE— Many men suppose that the 
horse has a patella (or knee cap) but they are mistaken, 
there being no knee cup on front leg. There are seven 
bones in the knee. There are three bones which lie 
side by side on top of the tibia and small metatarsals; 
then on top of these three bones are three more, then 
behind, sitting edgewise, is another. So as to make it 
plain I will begin with the outside of the right front 
limb and name them one by one. The first bone that 
lies on outside and on top of the tibia and metatarsal is 
called the unciform; the next one is magnum, the next 
trapezoid. This completes the lower row. On top of 
the trapezoid is the scaphoids, next and on top of the 
magnum, is the lunare; and on top of the unciform is 
the cuneiform; this completes the two rows. At the 
back we find the ospiciform; one end reaches back, the 
other rests against the cuneiform and the lower end of 
the radius. So you see we find seventeen bones from 
the radius down. 

Lesson 3. 

The next bone above the carpus is the radious or 
arm bone. At the top of the radious is a small bone at- 
tached to the ulna. This bone is at the top and behind the 
radious. The next bone above the radious is the hu- 
merus; the union of the humerus and radious is termed 
the elbow joint. The next bone above the 
humerous is the scapular or shoulder 

blade. The union of the scapular and humer- 



us forms the shoulder point. All bones united (at 
joints) by a tough gristle substance termed cartillage; 
likewise all joints are supplied with a lubricating oil 
called synovia fluid, commonly known as joint oil. 

Lesson 4. 

Remember that no two bones come in immediate 
contact with each other; they are held apart by the car- 
tillage and the lubricating synovia. You will find a lit- 
tle hole in every bone — this is called the nutrient, where 
a nutrive vessel passes into the medullary canal. This 
last is generally called the marrow of the bone by non- 
professional men, but you must call it the medulla. 
The hole through the bone is called the spinal canal, 
and the marrow in the bone is called the spinal cord. 
The back bone as a whole, is termed the spine. Now 
when we review we find 20 bones in the right front 
limb and of course we find the same in the left bearing 
the same names, and in the same position only the car- 
pus. To get their names we begin on the outside of the 
carpus as we did on the right limb. 

Lesson 5. 

The ospedis may be called the peddle bone, or third 
phalanx; the back wings or ends of theospedius, the re- 
trossel process. Right here a word. In some horses, 
especially those advanced in age, the retrossel process 
may become forked. The upper prong is called the ba- 
siler process. The sensitive substance which covers 
the ospedis is called the lamina; beneath the ospedis is 
the sensitive sole; at the upper part of the hoof is the 
cornet or cornet ring; below the small bone called the 
osnavicular is the sensitive frog; at the heel is a brace 
usually termed che bars, or may be called the enflexes 
of the wall; the outer hoof is called the horny crest, or 
hard wall; we find the planter artery in the foot, with 
15 branches running down from the main artevy. The 
main vein of the foot is coronary yenus plexus, which 
comes from the back part of the leg and reaches round 
on the outside, at the top of the hoof, to near its center 



in front, then drops down in the foot with many 
branches. 

How many bones in the leg from knee down? 

How many bones in the knee or carpus? 

What are their names? 

How many bones from knee up? 

Begin at bottom of limb and name bones and give 
their articulation? 

Lesson 6. 

Next we will study the right hind limb. The bones 
of the foot and limb up to the fetlock joint are the same 
bones by name as those of the front limb and the same 
location, but the next bone above, which reaches up to 
the hock joint, is termed the large metatar- 
sal. The above is the oscunciform mag- 
num. On top of this bone is the scaphoid; 
behind these bones is the cuboid. Now on top of these 
bones is a large and longer bone, perhaps four or five 
inches in length, called the ostragalus; the upper part 
of this bone forms the upper back part of the hock, and 
is termed the oscalus. Now name the bones from the 
foot up and give their articulation. 

Lesson 7. 

Above this is the tibia, which is a long bone which 
reaches up and forms part of the stifle joint, as it is 
termed. The next bone above is the femur, which is 
the largest bone in the horse. The union of these last 
two named bones forms what is called the stifle joint; in 
front of this joint is a small capped shaped bone called 
the patella. This bone acts as a brace to the stifle joint. 
The upper end of the femur has a forked appearance; 
the end of one prong is perfectly round, which fits in a 
perfect round cavity in the large bone of the hip called 
the sacrum. This union of the sacrum and femur is 
known as the whirlbone joint. The sacrum is not 
classed with the bones of the limb. Thus we find 
twenty bones in the front limb, and only seventeen in 
the hind limbs. 



Lesson 8. 

We will now examine the bones of the head. In the 
fetus there are seven flat bones, but by the time of pub- 
ety many of these unite. Of these seven flat bones of 
the cranium, five of them are single. The occipital, pa- 
reital, frontal, spheroid and ethmoid, one only, the tem- 
poral, is double. These bones circumscribe a central 
cavity, the craniel, which communicates behind with 
the spinal canal, and lodges the portion of the principal 
of the nervous centers— the encephaelon. The occipital 
occupies the extremity of the head, which it supports 
from the interior of the spine. The pereital bone is a 
wide and thia bone very much arched to form the roof 
of the craniel cavity. It is bounded above by the occi- 
pital bone, below by the frontal. Will you name the 
bones of the front limb? Name bones of hind limb? 

Lesson 9. 

The frontal bone is a flat bone whose sides are bent 
in the middle at an acute angle, and are carried back, 
and a little inward to meet the wings of the superior 
bone. It assists in forming the craniel roof and part of 
the face. It is bordered above by the pareital, below 
by the nasal and the lachrymal bone, and on each side 
by temporal bones. Next is the ethmoid bone. The 
bone is deeply situated in the limit between the cranium 
and the face, is enclosed between the frontal, the spher- 
oid, the vomer, the palate and the supermaxilery 
bone. The spheroid bona is situated behind the cran- 
ium, between the occipital, ethmodial, palate, vomer 
pterygoid, frontal and pareital bones. The temporal 
bones enclose the craniel cavity literally, and articulate 
with the occipital, pareital, spheroidal and the zygoma- 
tic bones. 

Lesson 10. 

The bones of the face in the fetus are so numerous 
and hard to locate and as it is not much use in surgery 
I will only give their names. The face is composed of 



two jaws, a bony apparatus that serves as a su import to 
the passive organs of mastication, the teeth. The su- 
perior, or interior, jaw is traversed in its entire center 
lengtli by the nasal cavities, and is formed by 19 bones, 
only one of which, the vomer, is a single bone. The 
pairs are the superior and interior maxillary, the pal- 
ate, pterygoid, zygomatic, lachrymal, nasal and super- 
ior and inferior turbinated bones. Of these only four — 
the maxillaries — are intended for the implantion of the 
teeth. At the back end of the lower jaw it has a forked 
appearance. The upper fork is called the coroniod pro- 
cess; the lower one is the condyle and is called the sig- 
moid notch. 

Lesson 1 1 . 

Now we will examine the vertebral column, or 
bones of the neck and back. The verterable column, or 
spine, is a solid and flexible stalk, situated in the mid- 
dle and upper part of the trunk, of which it forms the 
essential portion. It projects the spinal cord and sus- 
tains the thorax as well as the principal organs of circu- 
lations, respiration and digestion. This piece is formed 
by somewhat considerable assemblage of short, single 
tuberous bones, to which has been given the name of 
vertebrae. These bones, through all constructions on 
a uniform type, yet do not offer the same conformation 
throughout the whole rachidean stalk. They are form- 
ed into five different groups. These groups are called 
vertebreas. 

Lesson 12. 

What is the vertebrae? The bones of the neck. 
How many bones is the neck composed of? Seven. 
The first bone behind the head is the atlas. The next 
is the dorsel, which has 18 bones, which the upper end 
of the ribs fasten to. These are called dorsel verter- 
brae. The third is the lumber region which only has 
six bones. And they correspond to the loins. In tne 
fourth vertebrae there are five bones in the fetus, but 
in the adult they become solid and form into one solid 



— 7- 

bone. This bone is called the sacrum, and is called the 
sacrul region. The fifth are the bones of the tail and is 
called the coccyxial region. There are no definite num- 
ber of bones in the co(ic.yxial verterbrae as some horses 
have more than others. Some have as low as 10 bones 
and some as high as 17, so you see there is no definite 
number. The cervicle dorsel and lumber vertebraes 
are called true verterbraes, v\7hile the other two are 
called false. 

Lesson 13. 

We will now study tha thorax. The thorax repre- 
sents a canoid cage elongated from front to r«ar, sus- 
pended under the verterbrae of the dorsel region, and 
contains the principal organs of respiration and circula- 
tion. It is composed of bony arches, named ribs, 36 in 
number, eighteen on each side, and a single piece called 
the sternum, which serves as a support for the front 
ribs. The sternum is an osteo-car':illagenous body, 
elongated from from front to rear, flattened on either 
side and slightly curved. There is a space between 
each rib. This space is called intercostal space, also 
the muscles which attach them together are called in- 
tercostal cartillage. It is proper to say that in some 
horses that there are 19 ribs to tho side, for we very of- 
ten find them. Therefore, if we find 19 ribs we find 19 
dorsel verterbraes. 

Lesson 14. 

We will study the digestive organs. First the pre 
paratory organs which includes the mouth, the tongue, 
salivary glands, pharanx, esophagus, stomach, duoden- 
um, liver, spleen, pane res and intestines. A descrip- 
tion of the first four I do not deem it of any great im- 
portance as you will understand them, or sufficiently at 
least. We will first describe the pharynx. The phar- 
ynx is the upper part of the esophagus (throat) and is 
the organ of speech in man or beast. The esophagus 
extends from the pharynx down, and enters the stom- 
ach, in which is called the cardiac portion of the stom- 



— 8- 

ach. Next is the stomach wliich is the membraneous 
sack comprised between the esophac?us and intestines, 
as has been stated, and which is composed the essen- 
tial phenomena of digestion. 

Lesson 15. 

THE STOMACH— The stomach technically speak- 
ing, is called the ventriculus. It is situated in the diaph- 
ragmic regions of the abdomen, where it affects a direc- 
tion transverse to the medium plane of the body. It's 
average capacity in a medium sized horse is from three 
to three and a half gallons. But it varies greatly ac- 
cording to the size of the animal and the nature of its 
food. The stomach is larger in the common horse than 
in the fine bred; also in the ass and mule. Its weight 
when empty is from three to four pounds. The stom- 
ach has three coats — an internal or serous; a middle or 
muscular, and an internal or mucous. The front half 
of the stomach looks like the mucous membrane had 
been eaten off, as it is nearly smooth, while pyloric or 
back portion is rough and full of little knots or bumps. 
The opening where the food passes out of the stomach 
is called the pyloric ring of the stomach. 

Lesson 16, 

Will describe to you some of the most prominent 
muscles, arteries and veins of the organs mentioned in 
last lesson. The muscles of the lips are the labial or 
orbicular glands. The lips are supplied with blood by 
the palato — labial and the superior and inferior coron- 
ary artery. It is returned to the heart by the satelite 
veins of the last two vessels. The nerves are of two 
kinds — the moter which are given off from the facial 
nerve and are distributed in the muscular tissues uf 
the lips to cause its contraction and the sensitive nerve 
which are furnished by the maxillary branches of the 
fifth enchapalic pair. The blood vessels of the cheek 
are the bucal external maxillary and coronary arteries. 
The tongue is supplied by blood of two arteries, lingual 
glossopharyngeal and the hypoglossal. 



— 9— 

Lesson 17. 

Next is the silivery glands. The silivery glands 
are secretory organs annexed to the buccal cavity into 
which they pour salivia, a fluid that softens the food af- 
ter its arrival in the abdomenal portion of the digestive 
canal. The Pharynx. The blood sent to the pharynx 
comes from the pharyngeal and thyrodial arteries. The 
nerves are supplied by the glosso-pharyngeal, pneu mo- 
gastric and great symimthetic. The esophagus is sup- 
plied by the division thrown off by the carodid artery 
and bronchial and the asopharyngeal arteries. The 
nerves of the esophagus are derived from the pneumo- 
gastric nerves. Where does the blood come from that 
is sent to the pharynx? The esophagus is supplied by 
blood from what division? 

Lessen 18. 

We will now study the vessels of the stomach. The 
stomach receives its blood from the two branches of the 
gastric arteries and splenic and its terminal branch — 
the left epipolic artery and by the biloric and epiloric 
arteries. The principal arterial ramification extend 
between the mucous and muscular layers. The nerves 
of the stomach are derived from the pneumogastric and 
solar plexus. In the stomach are begun those trans- 
formations by which alimentary matters are rendered 
capable of being assimulated. There the food comes in 
contact with the gastric fluid by whose elements, and 
particularly the albumoid substance, after under- 
going some changes. Where did you say the 
stomach received its blood from? Will you please name 
what parts of the horse you have studied? 

Lesson 19. 

Next we will view the alimeatry canal, which is a 
continuation from the stomach through the abdomenal 
cavity to the posterior opening of the digestive appara- 
tus. The first after the stomach is the duodenum, or 
second stomach; then comes the small intestines, which is 



—10— 

in an ordinary sized horse.aboiit 72 feet in lengtli, and we 
may say that it commences at the right culdesac of the 
stomach from which it is separated by the pyloric con- 
struction. At its origin its presents a dilation, which 
in form simulates a small stomach, whose curvaturs 
are the inverse of those of the proper stomach, placed 
at the posterior face of the liver. This expansion, or 
head, of the small intestines, begins at the narrow por- 
tion, which at first is directed forward, then bends sud- 
denly backward, thus forming a loop, investing a base 
of the ceacum on the left side; then it is carried to the 
left, crossing transverely the sub lumber regions be- 
hind the great mesenteric artery. Here it is joined to 
the floating colon. It then reaches the left flank, where 
it is larged and forms numerous folds. It then goes to 
the right and opens into the concavity of the ceacum, 
and a little to the inside where the large colon has its 
commencement. This terminal portion is named the 
ilium, which means to twist. The part found in the 
left flank is called the jejunum, which means empty. 
From the pyloric to the great mesenteric artery is the 
duodenum. 

Lesson 20. 

THE SMALL INTESTINES. The small intestines 
receive their blood from the great mesenteric artery. 
The one that goes to the duodenum comes from the 
coeliac trunk. The large intestines which communi- 
cates by a large reservoir, in the form of a culdesac is 
called ceacum. It is continued by the colon, which goes 
to the rectum. It is separated from the small intes- 
tines by the ileac-ceacal valve. The ceacum is a large 
sack, occupying the right hypochrondiac, where it 
takes a direction downward and backward. Its length 
ordinarily is between three and four feet and will hold 
seven and one half gallons of fluid. The ceacum serves 
as a reservoir to the enormous amount of fluid injected. 
The greater part of this food passes through the stom- 
ach and small intestines, escapes the absorbent action 
of the villi and accumulates in the ceacum, where it may 



—11— 

be said to wash alemantry with which it comes in con- 
tact, thus dissolving the sohiable and assimilable mat- 
ters, this mass may yet contain, and favoring their en- 
trance into circulation through the absorbent surface 
formed by the mucous membrane of the large intes- 
tine. 

Lesson 21. 

THE COLON.— The colon is divided into two parts, 
which differ from each other in volume, and in disposi- 
tion they affect in the abdomen cavity. The first is the 
large or the double colon. The large colon is from 10 
to 15 feet in length, and holds eighteen gallons. The 
arteries of the large colon are from the great mesenter- 
ic. (They are the colonic ar.teries.) The satellite veins 
enters the colon near the rectum or rump. The small 
colon enters or precedes the large colon, and its termi- 
nation is in the pelvic cavity. It is about 10 feet in 
length and is about twice as large as the small intes- 
tines. When the soUuble matter passes out of the 
small intestines the name changes and is called excre- 
ment. The excrement is compressed by the peristaltic 
muscles and are bound into little round masses, find 
their way to the rectum and pass out. The rectum ex- 
tends in a straight line from the pelvic cavity to the 
anus. The rectum is nothing more nor less than the 
continuation of the small colon, yet it has no ridges and 
its walls are thicker and stronger. 

Lesson 22. 

ORGAN OF THE ABDOMEN— Next we will study 
the oi'gans of the abdomenal portions of the digestive 
canal. These organs are three in number — two glands, 
the liver and pancreas, which pours into the intestines 
two particular fluids, the bile and pancreastic juice. 
The spleen, which is remarkable for its numerous vas- 
cular connections, is next. The spleen deserves to be 
studied. We will first study the liver, which is situated 
in the abdomenal cavity, to the right of the diaphragm, 
and in an oblique direction downward and to the left. 



— 12- 

The weight of the liver of a medium sized horse is about 
11 lbs. The liver is fixed to the posterior of the dia- 
phragm by four particular bands. The liver has three 
lobes, a left, middle and right lobe. The left is always 
the largest, right next and the middle the smallest. 
The blood vessels of the liver are the hepatic artery, 
portal veins and supreh epatic veins. The liver secretes 
the bile at the expense of the blood of the portal vein. 
The bile is an excrementation secretion. The bile as- 
sists in the purification of the blood, in digestion and 
colorfication. The liver furnishes two very different 
products — bile and sugar. The secretion of bile in the 
liver is most active during digestion, yet it goes on in a 
continuous manner. 

Lesson 23. 

THEPANCREAS.— This organ has the greatest re- 
semblance to the salivery glands and its physical prop- 
erties, and for this reason it has been named the ab- 
domenal salivery glands. It is situated in the sub-lun- 
er regions across the aort il artery and posterior vena- 
cave in front of the kidneys and behind the liver and 
stomach. Its weight is about 17 ounces. The spleen 
differs from glands, not only as an excretory duct, but 
in all other ways. The spleen is situated in the diaphra- 
gmic region, close to the left hypochrondriac, and ap- 
pears as if suspended in the sub-lumber regions, as well 
as tlie curvature of the stomach. The average weight of 
the spleen is about thirty ounces, but sometimes larger 
in size. The arteries emanate from the splenic artery, 
and plunge into the spleen at different elevations. The 
various branches of the spleen opens into the splenic 
vein. The functions of the spleen are not of .any great 
importance. Animals where the spleen has been re- 
moved, have continued to live and been in good health, 
and no inconvenience is manifested. Prom the best au- 
thority it is C(mcluded that the spleen is a diverticulum 
for the portal vein. What is the weight of the pan- 
creas? Of the spleen V 



—15— 

Lesson 24. 

Now we will review respiration and its organ. As 
the nostrils are so well understood I do not think it nec- 
essary to describe them. After the air is enhaled into 
the nostrils it then passes into the larynx, which is the 
upper part of the treachea or windpipe, after which it 
passes down the phayrnx and enters the bronchial 
tubes. These tubes resemble a tree with two prongs, 
with many branches from each prong. These branches 
enter the right and left lung. At that extremity we 
find the air cells. The lungs are spongy and soft. It is 
is divided into parts, the left and right, the left being 
smaller than right. The blood runs from all parts of 
the body by the veins. It arrives at the right 
sack of the heart, whence it is propelled into the lungs, 
there to be regenerated by the immediate contact with 
the air. It is the pulmonary artery that conveys this 
fluid into the parenchima of the organ and by the pul- 
monary veins it is carried back to the heart. The ner- 
vous branches supplied to the tissue of the lung come 
from the same sources as those of the bronchial 
tubes. The nerves of the heart furnished by the car- 
daic plexus come from the pneumogastric and great 
sympathetic. The lungs are the seat of the absorption 
of oxygen and the expulsion of carbonic acid nutritive 
fluid. 

Lesson 25. 

THE HEART. The heart is the center of circula- 
tory apparatus. It is a hollow muscle, whose cavity is 
divided into a thick ventricle septum into two 
perfectly independent pouches. One is traced on the 
track of the dark blood, and propels it into the lungs; 
the other is situated on the course of the red blood and 
distributes it to all parts of the body. The heart is en- 
closed in a fibrous sack, named pericardium. It is dis- 
tant from the fixth and sixth vertebrae about five inches. 
In a medium sized horse the heart is about ten inches 
long, and holds from one to one and a half pints of blood. 
Its average weight while empty is about six and one- 



—14— 

half pounds. The heart is larger in low bred horses than 
in high bred. The blood is carried to the muscular tis- 
sues of the heart by two large vessels, the coronary 
arteries. The blood is carried from the walls of the 
heart by a single but important vein, which empties in- 
to the right auricle of the heart. The nerves comes 
from the pneumogastric and great sympathetic, as be- 
fore stated. 

Lesson 26. 

ACTION OF THE HEART— The function of the 
heart is to maintain the circulation of the blood and con- 
traction of the two pouches. The right pouch sends 
the fluid to the lungs; then it returns to the left pouch; 
from this it is thrown to all parts of the body and is 
brought back again to the right side of the heart. 
These contractions take place simultaneously in the two 
cardiac compartments. In taking the heart at a mo- 
ment when it is in a state of repose, that is, in the in- 
tervals between the two contractions, we find that the 
two pouches is being rapidly filled with blood brought 
to it through the venous openings. When sufficiently 
replete, tlie auricles slightly contract and push a por- 
tion of the fluid they contain into the ventricles, these 
contracting immediately after to propel the blood into 
the arteries. The passage of the blood of the arteries, 
or into the arteries, is necessary of the contraction of 
the ventricles, as at the moment of the contractions the 
valves are raised, and so prevent the reflux of the blood 
into the auricles. When the heart returns to a state of 
repose these valves turn down, preventing the return of 
blood into the ventricle cavities, while the mitral and 
tricuspid valves subside against the walls of these cavi- 
ties, and thus again allow the passage of the blood 
through the aoriculo-ventricular openings. The word 
systol means the contraction of the heart; the word dis- 
astole means the repose of the heart between t.vo con- 
tractions. 

Lesson 27. 
THE KIDNEYS— The kidneys are two glandular 



—15— 

orphans, situated in the abdomenal cavity, to tiie riprht 
and left of the sub-lumber regions, lying against the 
great proas muscles, and stay in that position. First 
by an envelope of celular tissues; second by the perten- 
eum vs^hich passes beneath them; third, by the pressure 
of the digestive organs contained in the abdomenal cav- 
ity. Their situations are not exactly alike, for the right 
is forv^ard between the last tv^o ribs, while the left 
scarcely reaches to the last two ribs. The right kidney 
is always larger than the left. The right will weigh 
about 27 ounces while the left will weigh only 25. The 
kidneys have a special artery and vein remarkable for 
their purpose. The kidneys are excretory organs. 
After the urine is sent to the kidneys they merely solve 
it and prepare it for excretion. Next are the ureters. 
They are a membraneous canal, having the diameter of 
a common size goose quih, which conveys the urine 
from the kidneys to the bladder. There is something 
remarkable about the ureter, in the way it enters the 
bladder. It does not pour the urine directly into the 
bladder. The ureter first pierces the muscular wall of 
the bladder, between the mucous membranes it passes 
for about an inch, and then opens on the surface of the 
latter. I don't think it necessary to say anything about 
the bladder. Its average weight when empty is about 
sixteen ounces. 

Lesson 28. 

GENITAL ORGANS OF THE MALE— As so little 
is known of these organs as those of the female I will 
give a dense description of them. The generative ap- 
paratus. Individuals in the organic kingdoms possess 
the faculty of reproductions, and the species to which 
they belong is a grand and beautiful law of vital force, 
which holds under its case the preservation of the or- 
ganized world. In generation it demands the inter- 
course of two individuals, a male and a female. The fe- 
male furnishes a germ (the ovum), and the male a fluid 
(the semen) which vivifies the ovum and renders it ca- 
pable of developing or development. We therefore 



—16— 

have to study the generative or genital organs of the 
male and those of the female. The semen is elaborated 
in the structure of tv^^o testicles, called lobular glands. 
Each is divided with a secretory duct, doubles a great 
many times on its cell at its commencement, epididy- 
mis, and destitute sinousities for the remainder of its 
extent, which is named the different canal (vans defer- 
ens.) This canal carries the fecondating fluid into the 
vesiculae seminale reservoir with contractive walls, 
where it accumulates, and whence it is expelled during 
copulation, by passing through the ejaculatory canals 
or ducts, and the uretheral canal. The penis when in 
act of copulation is introduced into the vagina, to the 
bottom of which it carries the spermatic fluid. The 
testicles (or two testis) are two glands, suspended on 
each side of the penis, between the thighs, where each 
occupies a particular serious pouch, the vaginal sheath 
(tunica vaginalis.) 

Lesson 29. 

GENERATIVE ORGANS CONTINUED— The tun- 
ica vaginalis, in the domesticated animals is the abdom- 
enal cavity, the serious membrane of which (the peri- 
teneum) becomes a hernia in the inguinal ca- 
nal, passing through the upper internal in- 
guinal ring. and prolonged below the infer- 
the inferior (external) ring, so as to form a serious sack 
which is enveloped by membraneous walls. We have to 
study in the vaginal sheath. First, its interior; second, 
the enveloping membranes, which forms the external 
walls, and to which we give the common name of scro- 
tum. There are many more ligaments and membranes, 
but as they are purely techinal and hard to locate, I will 
omit them. Each testicle is oval-shaped, flattened on both 
sides, is lodged in the culdesac at the tunica vaginalis, 
and suspended at the extremity of the spermatic cord. 
The testicles secrete the spermatic or seminal fluid. 
Pure semen, such as is derived from these glands, is a 
white, visid, odorless and alkaline fluid. It contains a 
small quantity of liquid matrter, in which is innumer- 



—17— 

able mass of spermatozoid. After the semen has pass- 
ed through the genital canal, it is made much more 
equeous, by the addition of the fluids secreted by the 
walls of the excretory ducts, or by the glands annexed 
to them. The spermatozoid are small elongated bodies. 
They have a flattened or lancet shaped head, and a tail, 
terminating in a point. Their form is slightly modified 
while going through the excretory ducts. Their move- 
ments presist for several days in the genital organs in 
tne female after copulation. They are sudently arrested 
by water, acids, on the contrary they are animated by 
alkaline fluids. The movements cease when the sper- 
matozoid are exposed to a temperature of 120 degrees 
Fahrenheit. 

Lesson 30. 

1. How many bones in front limb? 2. What is 
the name of the bone of the foot? 3. How many bones 
in the knee? 4. Name them will you? 5. What is the 
first bone above the oscernea? 6. What first above 
oscorne? 7. What bones lie behind the union of the 
ossafranges and tibia? 8. What are those small 
bones that run three-fourths down the tibia? 9. Do 
all bones come in immediate contact with each other? 
10. What holds them apart? 11. What is the first 
bone above the radious? 12. What is the bone above 
the humerous called? 13. What joint does thehumer- 
ous and the scapular form? 14. What little bone is 
that which sticks out (or protrudes out) at the top of the 
radious? 15. Is the ulna adhered to the radious dur- 
ing colt hood? 16. What are all joints supplied with 
to keep up the wear and tear? 17. A hole in the side 
of the bone is called what? 18. What is the hol- 
low in the back bone called? 19. What is the marrow 
mthe back bone called? 20. The back bone 
as a w^hole is called what? 21. How many bones in the 
left fore leg? 22. How would we get the proper 
names and location in the opposite knee? 23. What 
other name has the ospedis? 24. What are the back 
wings of the ospidis called? 25. What shape does the 



—18- 

resotarsal get in the advanced age? 26. What is 
the upper prong called? 27. What is the sensitive 
substance that covers the ospedis called? 28. What is 
below the sensitive sole? 29. How many frogs. to the 
foot? 30. What are they called? 31. Where is the 
non-sensitive frog? 32. For what purpose does the 
frogs act? 

Lesson 31. 

33. What is the upper part of the foot called? 

34. What are the enflexus of the.wall commonly called? 

35. What artery do we find in the foot? 36. About 
how many branches does it have? 37. What is the 
principle vein of the foot? 38. What is the difference 
between the bones of the hind foot up to the fetlock 
joint and those of the fore feet? 39. What is the name 
of the bone that reaches from the fetlock joint to the 
hock? 40. How many bones in the hock? 41. What 
are their names? 42. What is the long bone that pro- 
trudes out behind the hock and a little above called? 

43. The upper part of this bone is called what? 

44. What bone above the hock? 45. Next bone above 
is called what? 46. What joint do these bones form at 
their union? 47. In front of this joint is a small bone 
called what? 48. What is the next b(me above? 49. 
What shape is the upper end of the femur in? 50. 
What bone does the round end fit in? 51. What joint 
is this called? 52. Is the sacrum classed with the 
bones of the limbs? 53. How many bones in the hind 
limb? 54. How many bones in the head of a colt? 55. 
How many are single of the seven? 56. What part of 
the head does the occipital occupy? 57. What shape 
is the pareital bone in? 58. What bone is above the 
pareital? 59. What bone below? 60.' What bones 
are on either side of the last named? 61. How many 
bones in the neck? 62. What are they called? 63. 
How many vertabreas are there! 64. Name them? 



—19— 

Lesson 32. 

65. How many bones in the dorsal vertabrea"? 66 
What do they serve as a support to? 67. How many 
bones in the lumber vertebrea? 68. How many in the 
fourth or sacrum region and is there a change takes 
place? . 69. How many bones in the tail or coccyxial? 
70. How many ribs? 71. What is the sternum? 72. 
What does it serve as a support for? 73. What shape 
is the sternum? 74. What are the spaces between the 
ribs called? 75. What are the names of the muscles 
that hold them together? 76. What does the prepar- 
atory organs include? 77. What is the pharynx? 78. 
From the pharynx where does the esaphagus extend? 
79. What is the stomach called? 80. Where is it sit- 
uated? 81. How much does it hold in a medium sized 
horse? 82. Which has the largest stomach, well bred 
horses or scrub horses? 83. When empty how much 
will it weigh? 84. How many coats has the stomach? 
85. Name them. 86. What is the opening where the 
food passes out called? 87. What are the glands of 
the lips called? 88. What artery furnishes the blood? 
89. What vein carries the blood to the heart? 90. 
What arteries supply the cheeks? 91. What arteries 
supply the tongue? 92. What are the nerves of the 
tongue? 93. Where does the pharynx get its blood? 
94. What are the nerves? 95. Where does the 
esaphagus get its blood? 96. What nerve? 97. 
Where does the stomach receive its blood from? 98. 
What are the nerves of the stomach? 99. Where does 
transformation begin? 100? What fluid does the food 
come in contact with in the stomach? 

Lesson 33. 

101. What is the alimentry canal? 102. What is 
first after the stomach? 103. What is next after the 
duodenum? 104. How long are they? 105. Where 
do they begin? 106. Where does it cross transversly? 
107. What then does it join to? 108. what is the ter- 
minal portion called? 109. Illium means what? 110. 



—20— 

where do the small intestines receive their blood? 111. 
what is the ceacum? 112. what separates the ceacum 
from the small intestines? 113. what is the length of 
the ceacum? 114. what will it hold? 115. How long 
is the large colon? 116. How much will it hold? 
117. What is the small colon called that 
succeeds the large? 118 About how long is it? 
119. How much does it hold? 120. Where does the 
rectum extend to? 121. What is the rectum? 122. 
Is its wall thicker than the colon or not? 123. Where 
is the liver situated? 124. Is it on the right or left? 
125. What is its weight? 126. How many lobes has 
the liver? 127. Name them. 128. Which lobe is the 
largest? 129. Which is the smallest? 130. Where 
does the liver receive its blood? 131. What veins? 132. 
What is the liver? 133. What vein does it secrete the 
bile from? 134. What does the bile assist in? 135. 
How many products does the blood furnish? 136. 
What are they? 137. When is the bile most active? 
138. What does the pancreas resemble? 139. Where 
is it situated? 140. Is it behind the liver or in front? 
141. How much will it weigh? 142. Wh(?re is the 
spleen situated? 143. what is its weight? 144. 
Where does it get its blood? 

Lesson 34, 

145. Will an animal hve without a spleen? 146. 
What is the larynx? 147. The air when enhaled 
passes where? 148. What does the bronchial tubes 
resemble? 149. What do these branches enter? 150. 
What do we find at their extremity? 151. Describe 
the lungs. 152. Which is the largest? 153. What 
does the blood return to the lungs for? 154. Which 
side of the heart does it return to before it is expelled 
into the lungs? 155. What vein carries the blood to 
the heart? 156. What artery carries it away? 157. 
What are the nerves of the heart? 158. What is the 
heart? 156. How many pouchesis the heart divided 
in? 160. What are they called? 161. What is the 
sack called that encloses the heart? 162. 



—21 — 

About how long is the heart? 163. How much 
blood will it hold? 164. About the average weight 
when empty? 165. Which has the largest heart well 
bred horses or scrubs? 166. What are the nerves of 
the heart? 167. Where does the right pouch of the 
heart send the blood? 168. Where does it go then? 
169. Wher3then? 170. Where then does it go? 171. 
What takes place when the heart is in a state of repose? 
172. The word systole means what? 173. What are 
the kidneys? 174. Where are they situated? 175. 
What great muscle do they lay against? 176. Are 
they situated exactly alike? 177. What is the differ- 
ence? 178. Which kidney is the largest? 179. 
About how much will the, right kidney weigh? 180. 
How much the left? 181. What is the ureter? 182. 
Does it pour the urine directly into the bladder? 

Lesson 35. 

183. How much does the bladder hold when empty? 
184. What are the genitals organs? 185. What is the 
the germ called that the female furnishes? 186. What 
is the germ of the male? 187. Where is the semen 
elebrated? 188. What other name has the testicle? 
189. Where are they located? 190. What are the 
shape of the testicles? 191. Where are they lodged? 
192. Where are they suspended? 193. What color 
is pure semen? 194. What shape is the spermato- 
zoid? 195. What are they arrested by? 196. At what 
temperature will they perish? 

Lesson 36. 

SHOEING — Proportion foot according to height 
Why? Because it puts the horse in a natural position 
on his feet. A horses foot should be cut according ta 
his height. 

Hands high Heels inches Toes inches. 

15 1 3 , 

15 1-2 1 3-16 3 1-2 

16 1 7-16 4 5-16 

16 1-2 1 10-16 4 14-16 

17 1 12-16 5 4-16 



Dress the foot from the bottom so that the shoe will 
fit the foot as a joint of the finest furniture. Why? Be- 
cause when the shoe doesn't fit true the bearings are un- 
equal, and it is an injury to the foot to stand or walk on 
it. The shoe must fit out to the full size of the foot. 
Why? When the shoe fits the horney crest it is where 
nature designated and will not lame your horse. Never 
rasp off the foot. Why? You see when you rasp off 
the hoof after setting the shoe back you destroy the 
hard part of the foot, and make it weak. Remember 
that the hoof is never too strong for the work it has to 
accomplish. Have no bearing behind the ospedis. 
Why? The heel of the horse acts just like the toe of a 
man. If your shoe or boot fits easy or loose, every 
time you step your toes expand. And when the weight 
is taken off the toes relax, which assists the flexor ten- 
dons to handle the foot with ease. But, put on a tight 
pair of shoes and you could not walk a mile but that you 
would go lame. So by shoeing so that the shoe 
will rest clear back as far as there is any hoof, 
or so that the bearings will be behind the 
back ends of the ospedis, you will cramp the 
heel as a tight shoe would cramp your toes, 
and the result will be easily seen; so in effort for the 
heel to expand, a hole will be worn out of the heel of 
the shoe. Be sure to look for this the first time you 
are at the shop. The shoe must be wider from the last 
nail hole back than it is crossways. Why? Remember 
the bearing is taken off the heel and the shoe must be 
wider to add strength. A carpenter takes a two by 
four scantling and sits it on its edge to make it 
stronger. Do not neglect this point if you wish the 
horse to travel with ease and without injury to the 
horse. The nails must fit the holes in the shoe tight. 
Why? First, if the holes are too large for the nails the 
shoe is only held on the foot by the points of the nails 
and the heads; then by the holes in the shoe being too 
large you draw the shoe too tight to the foot and it in- 
jures the foot by being in a cramp. So you see if the 
nails fit the holes the shoe is held on by the body of the 



—23— 

shoe and nails instead of the ends and points of the 
nails. Points of nails must come out on a line. Why? 
Where you are not particular as to where the nails come 
out one will pull in one direction and one in another, 
etc., so you have the foot in a perfect cramp. Besides 
at the next shoeing the old nail will be in the way 
where you wish to put the new one, especially the nail 
that comes out high upon the hoof. But if they 
come out on a line they will all draw in harmony with 
each other and you will not be bothered with the old 
nail holes for they will all be beneath the line where 
the new ones will come out, but most of the times be 
cut away where your horse is shod regular. 

Lesson 37. 

The Foot Continued. — It is an object of impor- 
tance to preserve this important part of the horse. 
There is too little notice taken of the foundation of the 
horse — the foot. There are many diseases brought 
on by neglect of the foot. Cutting the f.og as most 
horseshoers do is wrong and I condemn it. First, the 
frog has many valuable offices to perform; one is that it 
is a spongy and an elastic substance without feeling; 
still it grows and sheds a coat two or three times a 
year, and acts as a cushion in case the foot comes down 
on a rock or hard substance. It is to prevent jars or 
injuries to the sensative part of the foot. If healthy it 
prevents the foot and heel from contracting. Again it 
receives moisture from the earth and ratains it until it 
is transferred to the foot. In this way the health is 
kept up; it prevents inflamation and fever in the foot, 
which often results in lameness, etc. Now let us exam- 
ine the frog that is cut or pared off by so called horse- 
shoers and blacksmiths. It has the same effect as cut- 
ting the sap of a green tree in the spring of the year; it 
destroys the pores and you kill it where you cut it off; 
also it is natural for the foot to receive moisture, if it is 
cut off you make a smooth surface, consequently it can- 
not receive and retain moisture to supply the foot as 
nature requires. A frog that has been dressed can be 
compared to a plank that has been dressed or planed 



—24— 

off smooth. Take two planks — one has been dressed 
and the other rough just Hke it left the mills, dip them 
both into water and see which will retain the moisture 
longest. So you see it is an injury to cut the frog as 
the same demonstration will apply to both. Again, if 
the substance becomes dead, then it becomes dry. So 
if the horse is driven over rough roads it is a continual 
jar to the foot and the sensative part of the 
foot, and also the navicalar becomes diseased. I 
condemn placing a hot shoe to a horse's foot. Many so 
called horseshoers do this to find the high places on the 
foot instead of fitting the shoe to the foot cold as it 
should be done. By burning any horny substance it is 
easier dressed right then but after it becomes cold it is 
ten times harder than it was before it was burned. 
Some say they cut the burn away, but they are badly 
mistaken, true they can cut that which they can see, 
but to cut the affected part away would be impossible 
unless you cut the foot off entirely. I will make a de- 
monstration: Build a fire by a tree and burn out a hole, 
then you take an ax and cut out the burn; you cut out 
the part you see but can you cut the affected part away? 
No, indeed you can't, neither can you on the horse's 
foot, for it is much more porus than a tree. The hoof 
has life but it is nonsensative; your finger nail has life 
but no feeling. The foot is of a vegetable life, no nerve, 
no feeling. Another thing: If you burn the foot it will 
contract. Never attempt to spread the foot by force, 
it must have life and expanded again to its normal size. 

Lesson 38. 

THE EYE. — The seat of vision. What is meant by 
the retina of the eye? The net work that lies in the 
back part of the eye is called the retina. Light admit- 
ted through the pupil to the retina produces vision. 
The portion of the eye that in some horses is of a brown 
and some gray is the iris of the eye. In the center of 
the iris is a circular black spot which is the pupil, 
properly speaking, the window of the eye, through 
which sight is admitted. Why are some horses near- 



—25— 

sighted? Because the carnea of the eye is so perma- 
nent that the image of distant objects is formed before 
it readies tlie retina, and tlierefore it is not instinctive- 
ly seen. All the outside of the eyeball is called the 
cornea. There are horses that go blind once a month, 
commonly called moon eye. (periodical octhalma) is the 
proper name. They call it moon eye because it 
comes once a month. I am often asked the cause of 
this, it is very hard to explain, I might ask why a man 
would have a chill at the same hour each day or every 
other day and the question would be hard to answer. 
This disease is caused by the substance of secretions, 
called tears becoming inactive, prevents the tears from 
performing their office. The lachrymal glands are 
small, lobular glands and open from five to fifteen ducts 
upon the conjuctiver between the eye lid and its inner 
fold. The tears are spread over the eye by the reflex 
movement of the eye lids, called winking. The office of 
the tears is to preserve brilliancy of the eye; its reten- 
tion is seen in the diamond appearance in the eye after 
death. There are mineral properties in this secretion; 
its composition is composed of water, a luminous mat- 
ter, chloride of sodium, and mineral salts. And as 
soon as it can no k»nger flow over the eye when the eye 
becomes dimmed and he can hardly see in day time; the 
light of the day hurts his eyes, and it is true he can see 
better after night. Now remember that blind teeth as 
some people call them (wolf teeth) are said to cause 
blindness, is a mistake, they cause nothing of the kind 
and hurt the horse in no way. 

Lesson 39. 

INFLAMATION OF THE BOWELS.— Inflamation 
of the bowels is so much like that of spasmodic colic, 
many men are deceived in the diagnosis of the disease 
and can't tell one from the other, also remember that 
there are many horses killed by the administration of 
wrong medicine (or slops called medicine) that would 
get well if they would let them alone and let nature 
take its course. Simptoms: the horse gets up and 



—26— 

down, wallows very little, gets up and appears to be 
better sweats in the flank, also in the chest. Of course 
the severe pain causes the rolling. There is no bloat or 
swelling with this disease. The only way to be sure of 
this disease is by the pulse. So you may better under- 
stand the effect that inflamation has, I will compare the 
pulse to the mercury in a thermometer. Suppose you 
build a mild lire in a room and place the thermometer 
in there and as the heat of the room increases the mer- 
cury of the thermometer rises higher, and if the fire 
begins to die out the mercury drops down. Inflama- 
tion of any kind has the same effect on the pulse. 
As the inflamation increases tlie pulse increase 
in number of beats per minute, for it affects the heart. 
The inflamation causes the heart to contract faster, and 
as it is the contraction of the heart that throws the blood 
through the arteries you see that the pulse act as mer- 
cury in a thermometer. So the horse with inflamation; 
the pulse begins to beat faster as the inflamation in- 
creases, but with colic, the pulse will be irregular. 

CAUSE— Caused by food going into the stomach 
when the stomach is disordered and. a fermentation 
takes place. We have this all seasons of the year but 
mostly in the summer, or in the spring I should have 
said; so you see the change of food has a whole lot to do 
with it. Your horse ought rtot to be taken off the grass 
and be given hard food, a'l he can eat, unless you wish 
to give him inflamation of the bowels. I will tell you in 
the next lesson about the pulse. 

TREATMENT: 

Aconite, fl, ext 20 gtt. 

Laudanum 4 drs. 

Gum Arabic (pulv.) 1 oz. 

Digitilas 6 gtt. 

Warm water 6 oz. 

Mix. Give every sixty minutes until fever abates 
or pulse runs lower. 



—27— 

Lesson 40. 

Before beginning an explanation of a.ny diseases I 
will now lay you a foundation by which you must be 
governed invariably. You must be governed by 
the pulse and temperature exclusively in treating 
internal diseases. The normal (or natural) condition 
of your horse's pulse is 36 beats per minute, that is 
when he is in a healthy condition. Never begin to 
give your horse medicine until his pulse begins 
to go pu many times, the horse is like man, 
gets sick and doesn't need any medicine, haven't 
you been sick many a time and did not take any 
medicine? Why, certainly you have. What cured you? 
Nature cured you of course. Nature and disease work 
against each other; nature works to build up the sys- 
tem and disease works to tear down and bring about 
death. You must bear in mind that medicine alone 
never cured a brute or human, but only assists nature 
in effecting a cure. You must remember this which I 
have learned b;y observation, that there are a great 
many stock killed by some ignoramas who don't know 
what he is doing (by medicine or slops called medicine) 
that perhaps would get well if they were left alone and 
let nature take its course. Now the next point to con- 
sider is the quantity of medicine and the different 
stages of diseases, if in the first stage the medicine 
would not be as much as if he was in the last stage, for 
it would take more in the last stage than it would in the 
first. Never give strong medicine in the nose or nos- 
trils, many horses have been killed by drenching them 
in the nose with strong medicine such as chloroform 
and ether, I have seen more than two dozen, since I 
have been in the practice, killed just that way. 

The proper place to take the temperature 
is in the anus, you can use the small human 
thermometer or there is a veterinary one 
made, but I prefer the small. The proper place to 
find the pulse is under the jaw, just on the bulge on the 
hngual artery, and always feel with your fingers and 
not your thumb. You can also find the pulse in the 



—28— 

tail and the fore limb just above the hoof but not so 
distinct as under the jaw. 

Lesson 41. 

FLATULENT OR WIND COLIC— Cause: When 
the accred secretions of the stomach come in contact 
with the sabacous juices of the colon the accredness 
produced by the blood being impure the disease is 
produced, A'hen these come in contact a g^as is gen- 
erated, hence the swelling is produced and swelling 
continues as long as there is any sabacous juices to be 
absorbed. This is the only disease that produces any 
swelling at all, and one of the most prevalent that we 
have. You can have it any season of the year, yet, 
more so in the summer. It is also the most dangerous 
and kills more stock in the south and southwest 
than any or all o t h e r diseases put together. 
Another important point is this, this is the 
only disease that has a limitation to the pulse; when the 
pulse reaches 85 the horse has only a few minutes to 
live unless he gets relief by tapping. Death is pro- 
duced by the front end of the colon extending against 
the stomach and bowels and pushing against the dia- 
phragm until it ruptures, and lets them in on the heart 
and lungs and he dies from suffocation, (smothers to 
death.) 

DIAGNOSIS— or symptoms: He gets down rolls 
a little and gets up and down very often and begins to 
swell very much, by the time the pulse is beating at 
40 to 50 beats per minute, the pulse beat hard and reg- 
ular so you will readily diagnose this disease by the 
swelling and pulse.- 

TREATMENT— Give medicine prescribed every 25 
minutes until swelling subsides and pulse goes down. 
If this does not relieve, you will have to resort to a 
trocar, an instrument made for the purpose. It is hol- 
low and has a canular in it or you might call it a knife 
to cut its way. This instrument is inserted in the side 
of the animal on the left just below the last short rib, you 
first cut the hide with the knife and then gently push 



—29— 

the instrument in slanting a little forward and upward, 
after it is in as far as it will go you then pull out the 
canular letting the tube stay in to bring out the gas. 

Lesson 42. 

SPASMODIC COLIC:— Cause: The animal has 
been worked or exercised until very warm; then of 
course he becomes very thirsty and drinks very excess- 
ively. This causes sudden contraction of the stomach; 
also a cramping and aching of the bowels, which causes 
very intense pain. It is impossible to produce this 
disease other wise yet it may be produced at any sea- 
son of the year. 

DIAGNOSIS — Drops down very suddenly when 
taken, shows symptoms of great pain, rolls about very 
violently, gets up and down often in first stage, he ex- 
ercises himself more with this disease than any other. 
Now go to the pulse and you can get the proper diagno- 
sis. If you find a fluctuating pulse it is spasmodic 
colic regardless of external symptoms for no other 
disease produces any fluctuating in the pulse at all 
whatever, therefore it is impossible for you to mistake 
it. The fluctuating pulse is caused from the contrac- 
tion of the walls of the heart which throws the blood 
out in a quiver. 

TREATMENT — Give prescription which I pre- 
scribe every 25 minutes until pulse runs lower. 
Caution: . 1 will here caution you and it refers to this 
and all other diseases alike; in no case give a dose of 
medicine as long as the pulse is at a stand still or com- 
ing down. 

Lesson 43. 

INPLAMATION OF THE KIDNEYS— TREAT- 
MENT: — Give prescription every 60 minutes until 
pulse runs lower. Cause: The kidneys being the only 
excretory organs in a horse they have to perform their 
proper work (or function) otherwise this disease is 
caused; and the reason they are unable to perform 
their work is that the secretions are very impure, for 



—30- 

we might say it is caused from indigestion and a gen- 
eral derangement of the digestive organs. This is not 
a very prevalent disease, yet you may expect death to 
ensue if the case does not get proper attention. It is 
one of the most dangerous diseases we have and we 
can have it any season of the year. 

DIAGNOSIS — The way you know this disease is 
he lays down but does not roll much; but when he does 
roll he has an inclination to stop on his back. The rea- 
son of this the momentary pressure of the bowels on 
the kidneys give him momentary relief; he feels better 
in that position than any other. In first stage when he 
gets up he will stretch out and make (water) or try to, 
small quantities pass and seems to be very painful to 
him. The kidneys being in close connection with the 
urinary organs produce this inclination to urinate. You 
go to the pulse and they beat perfectly regular, but 
run up according to inflamation (or fever). So the reg- 
ular pulse, and the inclination to lay on h'm back and 
the stretching out when up, is the way you distinguish 
this disease from any other, no other disease has these 
symptoms. This is often taken for gravel by those 
who knownothing about stock. 

Lesson 44. 

LUNG FEVER OR PNEUMONIA— Cause: By 
driving hard and leaving your horse in the open air, or 
from having over heated from shipping etc., then cold 
settling on the lungs this disease is produced. You 
should always blanket your horse after a long drive 
should the weather be cold. 

DIAGNOSIS — He breathes hard, has a shivery 
chill, stands on his feet all the time never lays down 
until he lays down to die, pulse hard and regular all the 
time from the first symptoms to the last, put your ear 
down against his breast or just behind fore log and you 
will hear a harsh rattling sound just like wind blowing 
through dry leaves. As no other disease has these 
symptoms you cannot mistake it. 



—SI- 
TREATMENT— Blanket your horse if cold 
weather, and keep in a close stall where the wind won't 
blow on him. Give no kind of forage while sick, your 
horse will not live over six or eight days with this 
disease. If he is bad you may shave off the hair oppo- 
site each lung and put on a good cantahardies blister. 
Give medicine every 60 minutes until fever abates or 
pulse comes down. 

Lesson 45. 

THUMPS— Caused by pores of the skin becoming 
closed so as to prevent the secretion called presiration 
from coming through the skin; then by getting your 
horse over heated it produces what is called the 
thumps, and once this disease, if disease you prefer to call 
it, your horse is liable to have it every summer. There 
has been many theories to its location, one however I 
think to be most popular is a fluttering of the heart (or 
throbbing.) But this theory I can't believe, for I have 
never known or heard of the thumps kiUing a horse, 
and I have known of horses having the thumps for 
years and it never hurt them. Notwithstanding I 
don't think a horse is so valuable with the thumps as 
without them. My reason for not believing that the 
heart is implicated is first, that the throbbing or 
thumping does not take place near the heart, I have 
held my finger on the pulse of the horse that had the 
thumps and the thumping would take place twice to 
one beat of the heart; the thumping is in the flank no 
where about the heart. Second, that it would be im- 
possible to disturb the heart with out producing a 
heart disease and it would kill the animal. The most 
rational conclusion is that the peritoneum becomes 
loaded with fat and by getting the animal too hot, pro- 
duces a spasmodic contraction in the organs called the 
peritonium. The peritonium is the membrane (as I 
have told you before) that envelopes the intestines. 



—32— 

Lesson 46. 

SPASMODIC COLIC PRESCRIPTION:— 

Chloroform Dr- 1- 

Sul. ether Oz. 1-2. 

Tr. Opii Oz. 1-2. 

Mix. ^ive every twenty-five minutes In half pint of 
warm water until pulse runs lower. Chloroform was 
discovered by Mr. Gutherie, of Sackets Harbor, New 
York, 1831, chloroform is a heavy, clear colorless diffu- 
sive liquid, of ethereal odor a burning sweet taste, sol- 
uable in about 200 parts water of hydrogen, and three 
of chlorine. Medical proprieties and uses: Chloro- 
form when applied locally, is very irritating and pro- 
duces pain, which may be followed by some numbness. 
If the chloroform be prevented from evaporating it will 
blister. Taken internally it acts upon the general sys- 
tem as it is very quickly absorbed. It quiets the pain 
in spasm. The usual effects of a full dose of chloro- 
form, administered by inhalation are the rapid pro- 
duction of relaxation of the muscles, slow breathing, 
upturning of the eyes, and total insensibility. Some 
times frothing at the mouth takes place, and more 
rarely twitching of tlie limbs. The insensibility is 
generally produced in from 1-2 to 5 minutes, and gen- 
erally lasts from 7 to 10 minutes, but may be kept up 
for hours with perfect safety by cautiously renewing 
from time to time. Ether Sul. Ether is a liquid com- 
posed of 74 per cent of Ethyl Oxide and about 26 of al- 
cohol containing a little water. Medical use as a stim- 
lant, locally it is irritating. 

Lesson 47. 

OPIUM OR LAUDANUM— Tr. opii— The concrete 
milky exudation obtained in Asia Minor from the un- 
ripe capsule of Papaver Somifurem — or poppy plant by 
incission and evaporation. Preparations of opium. 
Opii Pulvis Powdered Opiu m. Dose 20 to 60 grains. 

Extractum Opii — Extract of opium — Dose 1-3 less 
than powdered. 



—53— 

Pulvis Ipecacuanhea et oppi— This is dovers pow- 
der 10 grs. of ipecac and opium, 8 grs. of sugar of 
milk. Dose 1 to 4 drs. 

Tincutara Opii — Vinegar opium. Dose 1-2 to 2 or 
3 ozs. 

The two principles of opium is morphine and 
codine. 

FLATULENT COLIC— Prescription: 

Sal-Soda oz. 1-2 

Tr. Peppermint , dr. 2 

Ac, Hydrocyanic Dil oz. S. S. 

Warm water oz. 8 

Mix, give at one dose every 25 minutes, until pulse 
runs lower. 

Lesson 48. 

CANIBIS INDICA — Canabis Indica is made from 
a plant that grows in the East Indies, made from the 
female plant called canabis, in India they call it the 
Ganga plant. Indian hemp is also a proper name for 
it. Dose P. E. Canabis Indicia (or fluid extracts) 10 
drops to 4 drs. Physilogical actions — ^A stimulant, in- 
crease mental and moter activity, stimulates the nerves 
etc., and depresses sensation. Intoxication or com- 
plete and heavy sleep are caused by it according to the 
size of the dose. Sal. Soda: — This plant (sal soda) 
grows on the banks of the seas, they grow abundantly 
in Prance, Scotland and Ireland. Dose: — One dr. to 
1-2 oz.. comes in large white lumps and is easily dis- 
solved in aqua (water.) It stops the accumulation of 
gas in case of colic. Tr. Peppermint: — Tincture of 
pepperment is made from the plant (or from the leaves 
and stems) that grows in Europe and is called Menthe 
Piparita. The spices of mint is a native of Great 
Britain but has been conveyed to Europe and this 
country. Medical uses is to ally pain, relieve spas- 
modic pains of the stomach in case of colic etc. 



—34— 

Lesson 49. 

AC. HYDROCYANIC— (or prussia acid.) Acidum 
Hydrocyanicum Dilutum, is a colorless, faintly acid 
liquid having an albumen like odor, physilogical action: 
produces drousiness depression, slows the circulation. 
In tatunas and strychnine poisoning it is an excellent 
remedy. 

FISTULA OR POLLEVIL:— Fistula is caused 
from a bruise from a kick or bite on the whethers from 
a stallion, bumping his whethers against a stable or 
from wollering and turning over on a rock, in fact any 
way to bruise the periosteum of the bone, this causing 
a swelling to take place, and then it forms full of little 
openings called tubes, this disease is called incurable 
by some but I have always been very successful in 
treating it, I have never failed to effect a cure. 

TREATMENT FOR FISTULA OR POLLEVIL:— 

Take a razor or sharp instrument and shave off the hair 
over the enlarged part and then you are ready for an 
operation, which is the only way it can be cured. Take 
a large scappel or knife and cut with the muscel an 
opening about an inch deep and 5 or 6 inches long, then 
take a sponge and saturate it with monsells salution, of 
iron then run it through the wound this will stop the 
blood, then gage your knife and go another inch deep 
and use the monsell again and .so on until you go to the 
bottom of the tumor, there you will find it hollow and 
full of little tubes, then change knives, take a crooked 
blade knife and split those little tubes open good, then 
saturate with medicine. 

Lesson 50. 

TREATMENT FOR FISTULA AFTER OPERA- 
TION: — Cotton seed oil 16 oz. carbolic acid 1 oz. mix 
and shake well before using, inject in bottom of cut 
once per day and pack the opening with oakum to keep 
the wound from closing up at out side first, want 
wound to heal from bottom. 



—35— 

ACIDUM CARBOLICUM OR CARBOLIC ACID— 
Is the product of the distallition of coal tar; occurs 
either in crystal or crystalline massed, white or color- 
orless when pure but when slightly impure it is either 
reddish or will become so by exposure; is soluable in 
fifteen parts of water, the purest being most soluable 
in alcohol, chloroform, ether, and the oils will dissolve it. 
Uses: Used as a caustic used to cause sloughing in 
fistula used as an anticeptic, it is used internally as 
gastric sedative in small doses for dogs. Cotton seed 
oil (Oleum Gossypii Seminis.) Made from cotton seed 
and purified. It is used as a nutrent and tonic; also 
used instead of olive oil. Also wash the wound out 
every three days with peroxide of hydrogen by 
squirting a little in the bottom with a small syringe. 

HYDROGEN PEROXIDUM— Peroxide of hydro- 
gen: It was discovered by Thenard in 1818 — The com- 
mercial peroxide is colorless; without odor, it should 
always be kept in a cool dark place well corked. When 
it comes in contact with a wound it produces a frothy 
foam ; as long as the foam comes back yellow there is 
pus; white there is no pus. 

Lesson 51. 

PRESCRIPTION WRITING— The word prescrip- 
tion is derived from the word prea (a latin word mean- 
ing before.) Curae means (cure) Cito — (quickly. Tu- 
to (safely.) Et (and.) Jucunde (pleasantly,) 

Table of Weight and Measure. 

20 grs. make one scruple — gr. stands for grains. 

3 scruples make one drachm. 

8 drachms make one ounce — oz. stands for ounces 
and dr. for drachms. 

12 ounces make one pound — lb. stands for pounds. 

R. means receipt. Mist or Mistura, a mixture. 

A \ of each. 

Pil or pilla — a pill or pills. 

Bolus— a large pill. 

Pulv. or pulvis — a powder. Q. S. — Sufficient quan* 
ity. 



—56— 

S. or Signa — write. 

O. or octarius, one pint. 

Cong, or congius — means gallon. Ft. or Fiat means 
to make. 

Garg. means gargle. 

Gtt. or guttea — means drops. M. or misce. means 
mix. 

Lesson 52. 

Div. means to divide., Inj, means to inject. In or 
in die means daily. T. I. D. or T. D. means 
three times daily. Q. D. means four times daily. Fl. 
means fluid. F. E. means fluid extract. A maximum 
dose is the smallest dose that will produce the phys- 
ilogical action. So remember if you are not sure of the 
dose put down a small one instead of a large one. The 
dose of any medicine is twice the dose per rectum as 
per the mouth. Dogs take about the same size dose as 
man. A teaspoonful represents about one dr. A 
dessert spoonfull about two dr. A table spoonfull 
about one-half ounce. A wine glass two oz. A coffee 
cup about 5 oz. Regulating the dose according to age. 
Over three years old full dose. From one and one-half 
years old up to 3, one-half doses. From 9 months to 18, 
one-fourth part. From 4 1-2 months old to 9, one- 
eighth part. From 1 to 4 1-2 months old, one-sixteenth 
part. Rec. for fistula carbolicum 1 oz. Oleum Cossy- 
pii Seminis O. I. Miscea. Sig. inject in wound T. I. D. 

Lesson 53. 

SUNSTROKE OR HEATSTROKE— Sunstroke or 
heatstroke is called heatstroke because a horse will 
have it and never be in the sun at all, so you see it is a 
mistake about the sun causing it altogether, don't you? 
It is caused by becoming overheated and too much 
work and getting too hot. It is aJso called Isolation, 
but this is when it is caused from the sun. Sunstroke 
is simply prostration from heat, usually in very hot 
weather, especially when there are thunder showers. 



—33— 

Pulvis Ipecacuanhea et oppi— This is dovers pow- 
der 10 grs. of ipecac and opium, 8 grs. of sugar of 
milk. Dose 1 to 4 drs. 

Tincutara Opii — Vinegar opium. Dose 1-2 to 2 or 
3 ozs. 

The two principles of opium is morphine and 
codine. 

FLATULENT COLIC— Prescription: 

Sal-Soda oz. 1-2 

Tr. Peppermint dr. 2 

Ac. Hydrocyanic Dil oz. S. S. 

Warm water oz. 8 

Mix, give at one dose every 25 minutes, until pulse 
runs lower. 

Lesson 48. 

CANIBIS INDICA— Canabis Indica is made from 
a plant that grows in the East Indies, made from the 
female plant called canabis, in India they call it the 
Ganga plant. Indian hemp is also a proper name for 
it. Dose F. E. Canabis Indicia (or fluid extracts) 10 
drops to 4 drs. Physilogical actions — A stimulant, in- 
crease mental and moter activity, stimulates the nerves 
etc., and depresses sensation. Intoxication or com- 
plete and heavy sleep are caused by it according to the 
size of the dose. Sal. Soda: — This plant (sal soda) 
grows on the banks of the seas, they grow abundantly 
in France, Scotland and Ireland. Dose: — One dr. to 
1-2 oz.. comes in large white lumps and is easily dis- 
solved in aqua (water.) It stops the accumulation of 
gas in case of colic. Tr. Peppermint: — Tincture of 
pepperment is made from the plant (or from the leaves 
and stems) that grows in Europe and is called Menthe 
Piparita. The spices of mint is a native of Great 
Britain but has been conveyed to Europe and this 
country. Medical uses is to ally pain, relieve spas- 
modic pains of the stomach in case of colic etc. 



-34— 

Lesson 49. 

AC. HYDROCYANIC— (or prussia acid.) Acidum 
Hydi'ocyanicum Dilutuni, is a colorless, faintl.y acid 
liquid having an albumen like odor, physilogical action: 
produces drousiness depression, slows the circulation. 
In tatunas and strychnine poisoning it is an excellent 
remedy. 

FISTULA OR POLLEVIL:— Fistula is caused 
from a bruise from a kick or bite on the whethers from 
a stallion, bumping his whethers against a stable or 
from wollering and turning over on a rock, in fact any 
way to bruise the periosteum of the bone, this causing 
a swelling to take place, and then it forms full of little 
openings called tubes, this disease is called incurable 
by some but I have always been very successful in 
treating it, I have never failed to effect a cure. 

TREATMENT FOR FISTULA OR POLLEVIL.— 

Take a razor or sharp instrument and shave off the hair 
over the enlarged part and then you are ready for an 
operation, which is the only way it can be cured. Take 
a- large scappel or knife and cut with the muscel an 
opening about an inch deep and 5 or 6 inches long, then 
take a sponge and saturate it witli monsells salution, of 
iron then run it through the wound this will stop the 
blood, then gage your knife and go another inch deep 
and use the monsell again and so on until you go to the 
bottom of the tumor, there you will find it hollow and 
full of little tubes, then change knives, take a crooked 
blade knife and split those little tubes open good, then 
saturate with medicine. 

Lesson 50. 

TREATMENT FOR FISTULA AFTER OPERA- 
TION: — Cotton seed oil 16 oz. carbolic acid 1 oz. mix 
and shake well before using, inject in bottom of cut 
once per day and pack the opening with oakum to keep 
the wound from closing up at out side first, want 
wound to heal from bottom. 



—55— 

ACIDUM CARBOLICUM OR CARBOLIC ACID— 

Is the product of the distallition of coal tar; occurs 
either in crystal or crystalline massed, white or color- 
orless when pure but when slightly impure it is either 
reddish or will become so by exposure; is soluable in 
fifteen parts of water, the purest being most soluable 
in alcohol, chloroform, ether, and the oils will dissolve it. 
Uses: Used as a caustic used to cause sloughing in 
fistula used as an anticeptic, it is used internally as 
gastric sedative in small doses for dogs. Cotton seed 
oil (Oleum Gossypii Seminis.) Made from cotton seed 
and purified. It is used as a nutrent and tonic; also 
used instead of olive oil. Also wash the wound out 
every three days with peroxide of hydrogen by 
squirting a little in the bottom with a small syringe. 
HYDROGEN PEROXIDUM— Peroxide of hydro- 
gen: It was discovered by Thenard in 1818— The com- 
mergial peroxide is colorless; without odor, it should 
always be kept in a cool dark place well corked. When 
it comes in contact with a wound it produces a frothy 
foam; as long as the foam comes back yellow there is 
pus; white there is no pus. 

Lesson 51. 

PRESCRIPTION WRITING— The word prescrip- 
tion is derived from the word prea (a latin word mean- 
ing before.) Curae means (cure) Cito — (quickly. Tu- 
to (safely.) Et (and.) Jucunde (pleasantly,) 

Table of Weight and Measure. 

20 grs. make one scruple — gr. stands for grains. 

8 scruples make one drachm. 

8 drachms make one ounce — oz. stands for ounces 
and dr. for drachms. 

12 ounces make one pound — lb. stands for pounds. 

R. means receipt. -Mist or Mistura, a mixture. 

A A. of each. 

Pil or pilla — a pill or pills. 

Bolus — a large pill. 

Pulv. or pulvis — a powder. Q. S. — Sufficient quan- 
ity. 



—36— 

S. or Signa — write. 

O. or octarius, one pint. 

Cong, or congius — means gallon. Ft. or Fiat means 
to make. 

Garg. means gargle, 

Gtt. or guttea — means drops. M. or misce. means 
mix. 

Lesson 52. 

Div. means to divide. Inj, means to inject. In or 
in die means daily. T. I. D. or T. D. means 
three times daily. Q. D. means four times daily. Fl. 
means fluid. F. E. means fluid extract. A maximum 
dose is the smallest dose that will produce the phys- 
ilogical action. So remember if you are not sure of the 
dose put down a small one instead of a large one. The 
dose of any medicine is twice the dose per rectum as 
per the mouth. Dogs take about the same size dose as 
man, A teaspoonful represents about one dr. A 
dessert spoonfull about two dr. A table spoonfull 
about one-half ounce. A wine glass two oz. A coffee 
cup about 5 oz. Regulating the dose according to age. 
Over three years old full dose. From one and one-half 
years old up to 3, one-half doses. From 9 months to 18, 
one-fourth part. From 4 1-2 months old to 9, one- 
eighth part. From 1 to 4 1-2 months old, one-sixteenth 
part. Rec. for fistula carbolicum 1 oz. Oleum Cossy- 
pii Seminis O. I, Miscea, Sig, inject in wound T. I, D. 

Lesson 53. 

SUNSTROKE OR HEATSTROKE— Sunstroke or 
heatstroke is called heatstroke because a horse will 
have it and never be in the sun at all, so you see it is a 
mistake about the sun causing it altogether, don't you? 
It is caused by becoming overheated and too much 
work and getting too hot. It is ajso called Isolation, 
but this is when it is caused from the sun. Sunstroke 
is simply prostration from heat, usually in very hot 
weather, especially when there are thunder showers. 



—41— 

Lesson 57. 

01. ORIGANUM— 01. Organum is an oil made 
from a plant called Wild Margorum, The flower is of 
a pinkish color or rose tint. It has heavy leaves, and 
is a native of this country and of Europe. I have seen 
it growing abundantly in this country in Virginia, and 
also in Pennsylvania. I think it blooms from May un- 
til October. It has a peculiar odor. When made into 
oil it is yellow, and smells like camphor. Origanum is 
used mostly in liniments, as it is very penetrating. 

OLLEUM CEDAR— Oil of cedar is made from the 
cedar plant that grows all over the United States. You 
have seen it growing in Texas, have you not? The oil 
is used mostly in liniments mixed with other oils and 
cut with alcohol. 

CAMPHOR — Camphor or Cam-pho-rae is obtained 
from wood of Cinnamomum Camphorae. It is imported 
in the crude state, that is before it is purified. Cam- 
phor has been found in different plants, but commer- 
cial camphor is only derived from two plants. Cam- 
phorae of Cinnamomum and Dry-o-ba-lo-nops properties 
comes in white masses of a tough crystahne structure, 
easily dissolved in a little alcohol, ether or chloroform. 
I will not explain, as you already know what it is, but 
will just simply say that you will get it in the following 
forms for your practice: Camphorae — Gum camph., 
dose internally, dr. I, Aqua. Camph. (water camph), one 
dr. to one oz, Linimentum camph. (camphor liniment) is 
composed of two parts of camphor and 8 parts of cot- 
tonseed oil. Used in coughs as well as liniments. 
Spirits cf Camphor (spiritus camphora) is composed of 
100 parts of camphor to 1000 parts of alcohol. 

PHYSILOGICAL ACTIONS— Antispa s m o d i c or 
nerve stimulent, counter irritent irritates the skin. 

Lesson 58. 

GELSEUMIUM YELLOW JESMINE— (Extractu m 
Gelsemii Pludium) is made from the root of the above 
named plant. What do the above words mean? Ans 



—42 — 

— Fluid extract of gelsimium or F. E. Gelsimium. 
Dose, 1 dr. to 1 oz. Physilogical actions, nerve seditive 
lowers body temperature. 

OLLEUM TIGLII (croton oil) — Crotonoil is not much 
used in the horse practice, but I will give you the way 
I use it, and you will understand why it is not used 
very much. A fixed oil expressed from the seed of 
croton tigilum. When given to horses at all, 10 to 25 
drops, cattle you may give one-half to one dram. Phys- 
ilogical actions — Is a powerful irritant undiluted, and 
seriously injures the skin, causing blemishes and may 
cause fever. Cattle are the only animals that can take 
it internally with safety. It can be used in dogs if 
used with caution. For cattle as a purgative, when the 
bowels will not more, you may give 40 drops of croton 
oil to one-half drachm of calomel. Or you may give ol. 
tiglii with linseed oil or in salts, but I think that it acts 
best with calomel. I don't think I told you this, so I 
will say something about the breathing in horse. A 
horse in a healthy condition will breathe about one 
time to every three beats of the pulse. In other words 
he breathes only ten to twelve times per minute, and 
if any faster, something is wrong somewhere. There 
are four stages observed in fever. (1) Weakness, loss 
of appetite, and low^ spirits. (2) A shiver or chill, un- 
easiness, flanks move quickly and short, nostrils more 
or less distended, urine scanty and highly colored. (3) 
After a time coldness is succeeded by a great heat and 
thirst, sometimes one leg or ear is hot and the other 
cold. (4) when the fever has lasted for some time the 
skin becomes moist, the bowels and kidneys act more 
freely; the pulse becomes more full and the mouth 
moist. When fever is caused or accompanied by dis- 
ease, it is called symptomatic fever, or after an acci- 
dent the same, or from liver or lungs. Fever is called 
idopathic when not caused by disease or accident. 
Bleeding in the veternary practice is almost discarded. 
We bleed in case of congestion as I have told 
you. Another thing, ^hile w^e are on this subject, is 
this: Any animal, while sick, should have a good stall, 
and fixed so he can be Qomfortable, and have no loud 



—45— 

talking or any kind of fuss while he is sick. If you 
will watch, you will see that horses are like men in 
many respects when they are sick. They are nervous 
and have very little patience. So I would advise you 
to always remember this point as it is very important. 
If any disease be of a depressed kind, give iron and nux 
vomica and general diet. The nux will keep the bow- 
els regulated. 

Lesson 59. 

REVIEW LESSON— How does the heel of a horse 
act when he is walking? 

If a horse is fifteen hands high, how ought his feet 
to be cut to be proper? 

Why should we not have bearings on the heel of a 
horse when shoeing? 

Should a horse's foot be trimmed from the bottom 
when shoeing? Why not? 

Why should the nails in the shoe fit perfectly and 
even? 

How long ought a shoe to stay on a horse? 

Why should nails come out even when shoeing a 
horse? 

How often does the horse shed the frog when in a 
healthy condition?. 

How many frogs has' the horse in each foot, and what 
are their uses? 

Can a foot be healthy without moisture, and why, if 
not? 

Could a foot be healthy with water all the time. If 
not, why? 

Give an illustration why a foot can't be healthy with 
too much water. Without any moisture. 

How many purposes is the nonsensitive frog for? 

How many reasons can you give why the nails should 
come out on a level? 

Can you tell me what causes corns on the feet? 

Tell me why the frog should not be cut away. 

Is it wrong to place a hot shoe to a horse's foot? If 
so, why? 



—44— 

What effect will too much heat have on the foot? 

What is the e.ye? What is the retna of the eye? 
What is the iris of the eye? 

In the center of the eye is a small, black spot. What 
is this called? 

What is the outside of the eye called? 

Horses that go blind once per month — what is that 
called? What is it if not mooneyed? What causes the 
eye to become this way? 

What spreads the tears over the eyes? What are 
the tears composed of? 

What are wolfe teeth sometimes called by people 
who don't know anything about the teeth? 

Do these teeth we speak of ever hurt the horse so far 
as value goes? 

What is inflamation of the bowels? What causes it, 
and what time of the year are horses most subject to it? 

Is there any bloat or swelling with this? 

What is the cause of flatulent or wind colic? 

What is the last treatment for this disease? 

How can you know this disease from any other? 

How often do you give medicine, and how can you 
tell when medicine has acted? 

Tell me how you would trocar a horse. 

What are we governed by in treating internal dis- 
eases? 

What is the natural condition of your horse's pulse? 

What does nature do in regard to curing a horse 
when he is sick? What does disease do? 

Does medicine cure? What does it do then? 

Does nature and disease work in harmony with each 
other? 

What is the first stage of a disease? Second and 
third? 

Where is the most proper place to take the tempera- 
ture? Where is the proper place to take or feel the 
pulse. 

What is spasmodic colic and what is the cause? Give 
me the symptoms of spasmodic colic? 



—45— 

Lesson 60. 

Give me the receipt for spasmodic colic? How often 
do you give medicine, and how can you tell when it has 
or hasn't had the desired effect? 

What is inflamation of the kidneys and what is the 
cause? Is this a prevalent disease or not? What are 
the symptoms in the lirst stage? What kind of a pulse 
has he? 

What is lung fever or pneumonia? What time of the 
year do we mostly have it? What are the symptoms? 
Give treatment. How often do you give medicine? 

What is thumps? What causes thumps? Did you 
ever know of thumps killing a horse? 

What would be your objections to a horse that had 
the thumps if it did not hurt him? 

What proof have you that it does not disturb the 
heart? 

What is the periteneum wall? 

When was chloroform discovered? What is the 
color, and what is it composed of? What are its medi- 
cal properties and uses? What is the effect when ap- 
plied externally? How long would it take you to put a 
horse to sleep with it? 

What do we use opium for and in how many forms do 
we use it in veterinary practice? 

Opii pulvis — means what? What is opii made from? 

Will you please name the receipt for flatulent colic? 
How often do you give this medicine? 

What is canibis indicia, and where is it obtained? It 
has another proper name, what is it? 

Of theF. E. Canibis ind. how much is a dose? What is 
its effect? 

What does acidum hydrocynanicum mean? What 
other name has it? 

Dilutum means what? 

What effect does hydrocyanic ac. have on the circu- 
lation? 



—46— 

Lesson 61. 

What is fistula, tiie cause and diagnosis? 

Wliat is the treatment for fistula? What do you use 
to stop the blood and how? What do you find at the 
bottom of the fistula? What medicines do you use 
and how? 

What does acidum carbolicu-m mean? What is car- 
bolic acid made from? When pure what is the 
color? What will dissolve it? Wiiat else is it used for? 

Oleum Gossypii Seminis means what? What is it 
made from? 

When was peroxide of hydrogen discovered? By 
whom and where? What do we principally use it for 
in veterinary practice? 

What is the word prescription derived from and 
what is its meaning? 

What does the word cito mean? Curare, tuti, et. ju- 
cunde? 

Give me the mark for oz., dr., prescriptions, scru- 
ples, etc. 

What is a maximum dose? A minimum dose? What 
does a teaspoonful represent? What does a dessert 
spoonful represent? One tablespoonful? A A^ine glass? 
What a coffee cup? 

Div. is what? What does T. I. D. or T. D. mean? What 
does Q. D. mean? What does filtra mean? P. I. means 
what? What does F. E. mean? Inj. means what? In. 
or in. di. means what? 

Regulating the dose, how much should a three and 
one-half-year-old take? Ans — Full dose. 

From one and one-half to three years old? Ans. — 
One-half part. 

From nine to eighteen months? Ans. — One-fourth 
part. 

From four and one-half months to nine? Ans. — One- 
eighth part. 

From one to four and one-half months old? Ans. — 
one-sixteenth part. 

What causes sunstroke or heatstroke? 

What are the symptoms of heatstroke? How high 



—47— 

does the temperature go sometimes? In what part of 
the country are they most subject to it? What is the 
treatment? 

What do we mean when we speak of enlargements on 
a horse? Give treatment for wind galls, so called. 

Lesson 62. 

Give me prescription that you would use in blis- 
tering. 

Do these puffs or wind galls always lame a horse? 

What is blind staggers? Symptoms? Treatment? 
How much blood do you take? 

What is lockjaw or tetanus? What is the cause? 
How many different things will bring it on? What are 
the first symptoms we see? If we keep him alive fif- 
teen days, what is the chance? If twenty, what is the 
chance? Give me treatment for lockjaw. 

01. Organum is made from what plant? 

What countries is the plant a native of? 

What is oil of cedar made from? 

What are these oils mostly for? 

What is camphorae or camphor made from? What 
is the physological actions of camphor? 

What are the four stages observed in fever? 

When fever is caused or acompanied by disease, 
what is it called? When caused from liver or lungs, it 
is called what? 

Is bleeding practiced very much now in veterinary 
practice? 

What does Xtractum Gelsemii Pluidum mean? 

What other name has Gelsium? 

What is the physological action? 

Ollium tiglii means what? 

What is a dose for a horse? What for a cow? 

How do the muscles of a horse lay? How then would 
you cut not to cut a large blood vessel? 

How many times does a horse breathe per minute 
when he is breathing natural? What is his normal 
circulation? How can you tell when a horse has fever? 



—48— 

Lesson 63. 

BONE SPAVIN — Bone spavin is found on the hock 
or hind knee of horses and mules. First, there will be 
found a swelling and that will go away and a hard 
bunch will be left, and you will hear people say: "My 
horse is lame, don't you see that big knot?" I will say 
here, and you must not forget it, the knot or bunch 
that you see on the leg does not cause lameness, and it 
is a big mistake that people get into their heads about 
spavin. Spavin is caused from strain, from hard pull- 
ing or from getting leg hung in a hole, or from falling 
through a hole in a bridge, etc. Anyway, it is caused 
from a strain. It is a strain of the cartilege of the 
capsul that surrounds all joints. A cartilage is a hard 
gristle that holds the joints together and prevents the 
bones from coming together. Now, if you will listen, 
I will tell you what causes a horse to go lame when he 
has spavin, and you will agree with me that it is not 
the bunch on his leg that causes lameness, but that it 
is caused from the friction of the joint. The capsul 
being ruptured or bursted, the synovia fluid (or joint 
oil — you have seen it when cutting a beef's knee — that 
is the same thing) which keeps up the wear and tear 
of the joint (in man or beast) is allowed to leakout when 
the joint is ruptured, and the horse gets lame from the 
friction of the joint. Proof: You take a spavin horse 
(ask any one who ever owned one) and they will tell you 
that when he first starts off, after stopping a while, he 
can't hardly go. Why? Because, while standing the 
oil has leaked out, and the parts rub together roughly 
and cause lameness. Now, what makes the bunch on 
the outside of the rupture, or the knot, as you may 
call it? This is easy enough explained. If the lacra- 
tion from the joint (the joint oil) deposits itself out- 
side of the bone and under the skin, what does it make? 
It makes bone, of course, just as all synovia from other 
joints not ruptured. Of course if it was put thereby 
nature to make bone, it will continue just the same af- 
ter the rupture as before. It is inhuman to cut this 



—49— 

bunch off as some people will advise. Don't you see 
that it will only make bad matters worse? It will only 
make the rupture larger and more difficult to cure with 
the right treatment. Treatment: If you get to it ear- 
ly) .you can kill it with a salve made as follows: 

Powd. canth., Oz. I. 

Beniddide of mercury, Oz. SS. 

Adepis Q. S., soft paste. 

M. 

Sig. Shave off the hair and take a little sharp in- 
strument (called puncturing iron) or knife blade and 
puncture or prick 75 little holes in the bunch to the 
bone and then apply medicine to the parts and band- 
age. (Make bandage as I taught you in treating wind 
galls) Keep this up nine days and then let him stand 
20 days or more to give rupture time to knit together. 
You see the puncturing and the salve gets up a great 
inflamation, and this is what helps to effect a cure. In 
a very bad case, say from one to one and a half years' 
standing, you would have to tire the horse. I will pro- 
ceed to tell you how this should be done: You first 
shave off the hair, as before, and get about three sharp- 
pointed firing pins, (made for the purpose, or you can 
have them made) swelled at one end like a soldering 
iron, so it will hold the heat. Build a fire and place 
your irons in the fire, and get them to a white heat, 
(not red) have some one to hold up the opposite leg so 
he won't kick you, and proceed to fire as you punc- 
tured, or not so close together. Make the holes about 
a quarter of an inch apart and go all over the bunch, 
puncturing it to the bone. Bandage as before and use 
hog lard instead of medicine. 

Lesson 64. 

FISTULA OP THE STERNUM OR BREAST 
BONE — This is a very difficult disease. The sternum 
is an enlongated cartilage that the ribs attach them- 
selves to, and protect the lungs, heart, etc., from jars 
and injury. Many people think we only have fistula on 
the wethers, but we have it on various parts of the ani- 



—50— 

mal. we call it pollevil when on the pole of the head 
but it is the same as on the wethers, and would be 
called fistula. Fistula of the sternum is caused mostly 
by a prick or a kick. Let me give you some exper- 
ience here which I have had lately with fistula of the 
sternum at Denison. Just six weeks ago a man by 
the name of Steve Hitchcock had a fine race colt to 
jump on a picket and a little back and upward, struck 
the sternum about the fourth cutlet (rib) that ruptured 
the cartilage of the sternum, and caused a running 
sore. He and another man began doctoring it, inject- 
ing first one thing, then another. They kept that up 
till the second Tuesday in December, which was about 
two weeks from the time that he sent for me. I went 
and in the presence of another veternary, told him that 
it would never get well until an operation was perform- 
ed. He seemed to doubt my opinion and kept up the 
same treatment until the 12th of January, 1904, when 
he called me again. I went, and on examination, 
found that the bone had become necrosed about six 
inches) and was running corruption behind four leg 
and in front at the same point where the picket had en- 
tered, which went directly to the place mentioned. I 
told him that the bone was necrosed, and that his colt 
was in much worse condition than when I saw it before. 
He submitted to an operation and the work was done. 
First, harness was put on th(> horse, and he was cast, 
turned on his back, legs drawn down, with o le man to 
each leg (to hold to side) and one to hold the head. The 
operation begun by first cutting the skin about six 
inches backward and about an inch deep, then drawing 
cotton saturated with monsells solution through the 
cut. The blood was stopped, and I continued to cut 
until I went to the breast bone. There I found this 
diseased bone; then with a curet (a sharp cup-shaped 
instrument) I scraped the bone, taking away all the 
diseased part, which must have been a tea cup full or 
more. After the operation I washed out the wound 
good with a weak solution of bichloridge, about one to 
500, and then packed with absorbant cotton and let 



—51— 

stand four hours. Then removing the cotton, I pro- 
ceeded to treat as I taught you in former lessons. She 
stood the operation well, and if no bad luck befalls her 
she will be sound and well in 25 days. Now if you will 
follow my instructions above, you can perform this op- 
eration. The main thing and most successful thing in 
fistula is to not be afraid to cut. Give me prescription 
for treating fistula. 

Lesson 65. 

BLAIN IN CATTLE— This disease has many dif- 
ferent names. It is known better by the symptoms. 
The animal is stupid and dull, eyes run water and are 
inflamed, anda continual stream of saliva runs from the 
mouth. You will also find ulcers under the tongue, in 
the back part of the mouth, or both. The lids of the 
eyes swell and the lids may become red. There 
may be swelling on other parts of the body as the dis- 
ease advances. The saliva may be streaked with blood, 
the pulse quickened, the flanks heave and the animal 
begins rapidly to loose flesh. Treatment: The ulcers 
may be lanced, making a large opening. You will 
find a yellow fluid to run out, and likely puss. Take 
ten grains of carbolic acid, one dr. Tr. opii to one ounce 
of warm water. Then take a goose or chicken feather 
from the wing and thoroughly swab out and clean the 
ulcers. After this is done, take salt and water and 
wash the parts and use my blood purifier in tablespoon 
full doses, twice or three times a day as you think the 
case requires it. If the bowels are constipated, give 
15 oz. sulphate magnesia in quart of warm water. Re- 
peat this every twelve hours until the bowels move 
good. If the fever is high, give 20 to 30 gtts. of T. R. 
Aconite root every 30 minutes until fever goes down. 
The animal must be well cared for and kept in good 
shelter. Peed on soft feed, such as bran mash, etc. 
The cause of this disease is from eating poisonous 
weeds, etc., generally in the spring while cattle are 
pasturing. After death, if you will dissect, you will 
find the stomach lined with little ulcers, also the intes- 



—52— 

tines. The normal pulse in cattle is 55 beats per min- 
ute. Resperation about 12 per minute. The most ac- 
urate place to find the pulse is under the tail. Purga- 
tive for cattle when sick with blain: This is to be giv- 
en immediately after you detect what the trouble is. 

Sulphate of magnesia, oz. 18. 

Oleum Tiglii, Gtt. 10. 

Calomel, Gr. 30. 

Warm water, qt. 1. 

M. 

Sig. Give at one dose and if it does not have the de- 
sired effect, repeat in 24 hours. Now, don't forget if 
the weather is cold or even damp, the animal should be 
kept in shelter. 

Lesson 66. 

CONSTIPATION OP THE BOWELS— Cattle are 
very subject to this trouble, especially in the winter 
and early spring, but may be found at any season of 
the year. The most common causes are bad treatment, 
unsound food, starvation, poor shelter in bad weather. 
These are the first symptoms of all inflamatory diseas- 
es — Symptoms: The feaces (or dung) is seen in hard 
lumps, and requires quite an effort to pass it. The 
nose becomes dry, the breath hot, and great change of 
countenance on part of sufferer. The pulse will be 
found quick, and everything will indicate fever. No 
time should be lost and you should resort to treatment 
at once. Soft water and castile soap should be used 
freely per rectum and warm linseed oil given in 16 oz. 
doses every six hours until bowels are open good; then 
give ray blood purifier in tablespoonful doses every 12 
hours for at least two weeks. Be sure to feed on soft 
feed, such as bran mashes and green grass, if in the 
spring. Your cow will die every time if you don't re- 
sort to proper treatment. 

DIARRHEA IN CALVES— This is a common and 
very destructive disease. Many calves are lost for 
want of proper treatment in this disease. It most fre- 
quently occurs before the calf is three weeks old; it is 
then caused by the milk being unwholesome, or being 



—53— 

exposed to cold, or from being half starved; then one 
full meal will produce diarrhea or purging. It fre- 
quently occurs when the mother dies, or the calf taken 
away and half cared for. Great care should be taken 
at the time of weaning. The changing of food or gru- 
el should be given with caution, as too large a mess 
might contract the disease, and it is very difficult to 
arrest. The sudden change must be affected slowly, 
the new milk being mixed with gruel or skimmed 
milk. Symptoms: The calf is continually straining. 
The matter that is passed is mixed with slime or mu- 
cus, sometimes streaked with blood. The calf stag- 
gers when he walks and refuses tb eat, or take food of 
any kind, and becomes very weak. At the latter stage 
of this disease the calf is hardly able to rise alone, the 
dung becomes more thin, and is mostly mucus and 
blood. The best thing in this disease, as in all others, 
is to take it in time. Treatment: Take tr, of opii, 
one to two dr,, boiled sweet milk, one-half pint. Mix 
together and give every six hours. If the purging is 
not arrested, add to this one level teaspoonful of chalk 
(prepared), the chalk being well powdered. The dose 
will depend on the age of the calf. If only a few days 
old, one-half the quantity will be sufficient. As he be- 
gins to recover, great caution should be taken not to 
feed him too much at once. 

Lesson 67. 

COSTIVENESS IN CATTLE- Calves are some- 
times attacked with this disease when only a few days 
old. It is then caused by coagulation of the milk in 
the bowels, and you will see the bowels terribly dis- 
tended. In this case you will give very thin meal gru- 
el (corn meal I mean) and tablespoonful sulphate of 
magnesia as drench, and give freely, injections of 
castile soap and warm water. The cure in very young 
calves is not certain, but it is not well to sit down and 
do nothing. This has, in most cases, been effective. 
When calves, two or three months old, become affected 
it is usually due to too sudden a change of fluid food, 



—54— 

as from gruel to dry, or stimulating food. This is a 
dangerous complaint, as the paunch is likely to be filled 
up with undigested food. Now an operation with the 
hand (have the arm well oiled) and empty the back 
bowels, may be of great value — rake it well. Also dis- 
solve one-half pound of epsom salts in one pint of 
warm water and drench. If this does not operate in 
six hours, repeat until it does operate. Then a small 
quantity of linseed oil will be good, and as the animal 
begins to come to himself again, give a small quantity 
of my blood purifier once or twice per day in food, as 
he will eat or drink it. This will correct digestion and 
give him pure secretions. I will give you a few of my 
ideas on bleeding. I do but little bleeding. My rea- 
sons are easily explained. First, the food and sub- 
stances that enter the stomach make the blood, and the 
blood makes every secretion, and secretions act to or- 
gans the same as moisture does to vegetables. If you 
deprive a plant of moisture, decay is the result. It is 
true that blood is life, and when you bleed, you are 
sapping away vitality. Remember that medicine does 
not cure man or beast; that all we can do is to assist 
nature by application and administration of medicines, 
Then we can see the wrong that may be done in bleed- 
ing away the best agent that God has been so wise as 
to create. No man or beast can have too much pure 
blood. Show me a man with a good supply of pure 
blood, and I will show you a robust, healthy, man; one 
that if he should meet with a serious wound, and you 
should ask his physician if he thought he would re- 
cover, you would hear him say: "Well, it is a serious 
wound, but a man with an extraordinary constitution, 
a good supply of blood and lots of vitality, like him, 
has a good show for recovery. " But reverse the case 
and the doctor will sigh and say, "well, I don't know; 
he has but little blood, vitality is small, and we can only 
hope for the better, but chances are against him. So 
you see if the blood should be impure, and you bleed 
him, you take away the good blood with the bad. So 
you will only make bad matters worse. The animals 



—55— 

need all the vitality they possess to remove disease. If 
a man only bleeds to start up circulation where there 
is congestion, I have nothing to say against it, for I do 
that sometimes, myself. But some men bleed by the 
gallon to purify the blood. If your horse's blood is 
bad, and he is in a bad condition, I would advise you to 
give him a course of my blood purifier. This will 
cleanse the blood of its impurities, and then the blood 
will produce more secretions, and that is what is need- 
ed to make a healthy constitution. As a general rule, 
men that are in favor of bleeding are men who know 
but little (or nothing) of the physiology of the blood, 
and of the secretions. 

Lesson 68. 

HOOSE IN CALVES— This is a disease to which 
calves are very subject. The calf coughs as if he had 
a cold, but soon runs into consumption and results in 
death. After death, thousands of little worms may be 
found to inhabit the air passages, but before death the 
latter symptoms are a slight discharge at the nostrils, 
often tinged with blood, the breath is hot, the pulse 
quick, the eyes run water and the bowels costive. 
Still, in some cases, I have seen the bowels loose, but 
streaked with mucus. Treatment: As soon as the 
calf begins to cough violently, you should make it as 
comfortable as possible. Give it my blood purifier in 
teaspoonful doses every six hours, and twenty to thirty 
gtts. of turpentine. If costive, give good injection of 
soap suds and warm water after the turpentine has 
been given. If the fever is high, givetr. Belladonna and 
aconite root, 12 to 15 drops of each three or four times 
a day till fever abates. The blood purifier is to cleanse 
the blood and open the bowels. The turpentine is giv- 
en for those littli worms. Tr. aconite and Belladonna 
is to reduce the fever and prevent the excitement to 
the heart so it will perform its affair properly. Tr. of 
Veratrum and Digitalis, 10 drops of each, will substi- 
tute for aconite and Belladonna. Learn this, and do 
not wait until your calf is sick, and then have to look it 



—56— 

up. Always take the case in time, for that is half or 
more in the successful treatment for man or beast. 
A stitch in time saves nine. Canker in the mouth of 
calves follov7 each other so fast in cutting that the 
gums and mouth become sore, and this is not an un- 
common disease, either. Symptoms: The calf refuses 
to suck, and you can see a continual discharge 
from the mouth. Numerous little pimples will be 
formed in the mouth, or on the tongue. As the disease 
progresses, these little pimples run together and form 
ulcers, the breath becomes very offensive. Treatment: 
Give one and one-half ounces of epsom salts, dissolved 
in warm water. Repeat this dose every six hours un- 
til bowels are loose. Then keep in good shape by giv- 
ing tablespoonful of my blood purifier every twelve 
hours.. Burn ulcers with diluted carbolic acid by the 
use of a mop on a stick made of cotton, and follow this 
with alum wash. Repeat this every morning until ul- 
cers are dried up. If the calf needs nourishment, give 
him milk, just milked from the cow. You can do this 
with a syringe. 

Lesson 69. 

FLUX OR SLIMY BLACK ROT IN CATTLE— 
This disease is very prevalent in spring and fall. It is 
more common on wet or swampy land, but is found on 
all kinds of land. It is one among the worst diseases 
that cows are subject to, and is a common disease. It 
destroys more cattle than all other diseases put to- 
gether. It begins by frequent effort to expel the dung, 
which is thin, slimy and dark. The animal is restless 
and shows plainly that he is suffering great pain. Fre- 
quently dropping down and rising again, and you will 
hear a rumbling sound in his bowels. If treatment is 
not readily resorted to, you will lose the case, al- 
though he may seemingly get better and chew the cud, 
but he will get weak and his food will go through him 
undigested. There is no question but what this is a 
liver complaint or affection, and as we surgeons make 
the diagnosis, we will tap the animal lightly over the 



—57— 

liver and he will be seen to shrink, or the blow cause 
apparent pain. If these symptoms are present, there 
is no doubt but that this dreadful disease is present. I 
might say right here that if you A^ere selecting cattle 
for the market or otherwise, test the liver, as it will eii- 
able you to detect any unsoundness of it, and may be 
money in your pocket, for this disease may be lurking 
in the system, and the animal be apparently well. Now, 
as this disease progresses, the dung runs off, and has 
a very offensive smell; the hair stands on end and the 
nose dry, the pulse is quick, the eyes inflamed, and 
the animal breathes hard. Causes: The causes are 
various. Among them is taking cold; getting hot from 
long drives, and turning on damp pasture, cattle es- 
pecially that are used to being kept up. Or if it be a 
cow, it may be taking cold after calving. It may be 
produced by bad sheltering or poor food during the 
winter. There is perfect evidence that the mucus 
membrane of the intestines is inflamed, so a good blis- 
ter opposite affected part will be of great value. Treat- 
ment: Give small doses of raw, warm linseed oil three 
or four times a day. Also give Aconite and Belladonna 
in 15 gtt. of each to run fever down, and one-half oz. 
opii every three or four hours until rest is assured. As 
the animal begins to recover, give one tablespoonful of 
my blood purifier twice per day in bran. By using the 
blood medicine, it will purify the blood and secretions, 
and act slightly on the bowels. And as it will be dan- 
gerous to stop the purging too sudden, these powders 
will be of great value. It is also good for the purifica- 
tion of the secretions of the liver. You should be care- 
ful for a while, make him comfortable, and do not al- 
low him to eat too much green food at once. But if 
this treatment fails to stop the purging, you may know 
that the liver is too badly deranged for the disease to 
yield, so you must give blue mass twice a day, night 
and morning — the dose may be half a scruple. Keep 
the animal out of bad weather, and about every four or 
five days give four or five oz. of sulphate magnesia in 
one quart warm water. 



—58— 

Lesson 70. 

HINTS RELATIVE TO MILCH CATPLE— When 
your cow has impure blood, you may see the hair drop 
off in patches, also a scurff will be seen at the roots of 
the hair, and lumps on the skin. If let run, ulcers and 
sores come out on the neck and body. There may be 
seen pus and corruption discharging from the eyes. 
This disease is a twin brother to farcy in the horse, 
and it is nothing more or less than badly adulter- 
ated blood. Causes: Bad shelter in fall and win- 
ter, unwholesome food, half starvation, neglect and 
carelessness, with cruelty and ignorance of men. Those 
are the principal causes. Now let me reason with you 
awhile. I will give you a scientific view of how the 
milk is produced, then you can better understand what 
kind of substance you are daily taking into your stom- 
ach when you drink the milk or eat the butter made 
from such cows. I certainly feel sure, if you under- 
stand the truth of how milk is produced, that there 
would be more interest taken with every one, and there 
would be more fat and healthy cows. Now, I will ex- 
plain the process of how milk is produced. First, the 
food and every substance taken into the stomach makes 
the blood. The organs of digestion are as follows: 
The mouth, teeth, tongue, glands, esophagus, stomach, 
duodeum, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas and thro- 
racicduct. Thelastisthelargest of theabsorbantsystem 
and the canal through which much of the chyle and 
lymph is conveyed to the blood. It begins by a conver- 
gence and union of the lymphatic on the lumber verte- 
brae, below and in front of the spinal column; thence it 
passes upward through the diaphragm to the lower 
part of the neck; then curves forward and downward, 
opening into the subclavian vein near its junction near 
the jugular vein, which leads to the heart. Conse- 
quently we see how blood is produced. Then the blood 
produces every secretion, and every secretion is sup- 
plied with mineral and nutriment properties. As milk 
is a secretion and produced by the blood (and the truth 
is, there is nothing produces milk but the blood) you 



—59— 

can see how important it is to have pure blood in milch 
cows. Milk, when produced, is secreted in the lacteal 
glands of the female. These glands consist of numer- 
ous follicles, around an excretory duct, which unite 
with similar ducts coming from other places. By suc- 
cessive unions they form large branches called the 
lacteferious ducts, which open from twenty to thirty 
minutes orifices on the extremity of the lacteal glands. 
The most constituent of milk in a healthy, pure-blooded 
animal is casine. It also contains oily and sacharine 
substances. Now, of course, I am aware that this in- 
formation is not new to science, but there are millions 
of men, women and children who eat butter, drink 
milk from cows, who never give it a single thought as 
to how milk is produced or where it comes from, so you 
see why I take the trouble to make this so plain to you. 
You will now see the necessity of feeding sound food 
to milch cows and to keep their blood and secretions 
pure and healthy. Think how many cows you see that 
are poor, scabby, and likely running sores all over 
their bodies, the hair falling off in big patches, and 
from every indication the blood is very impure, and 
we might term it (excuse me) rotten. If you wish to 
see what you are taking into your own stomach for the 
blood to impregnate every organ with these poisons, or 
impurities through the secretions, look at the milk 
from such a cow through a magnifying glass. I am 
sure that you will never use such milk again with a 
good appetite, if at all. Now you can better under- 
stand my blood purifier. Give one or two doses per 
day and you will be doubly paid for your time and 
money spent. 

Lesson 71, 

-SPLINIC FEVER— This disease which has its ori- 
gin in low lands of tha western states mostly, (we have 
it in Florida sometimes) is very destructive and kills 
lots of cattle by being communicated from one field to 
another. The germs are killed by the first heavy frost, 
and are only communicated to northern cattle by cattle 



-60- 

driven In there or shipped, or being fed at the same 
place. The animals that take it this way do not trans- 
mit it to another; that shows that it does not exist in 
climates where frost occurs. There is no danger of 
this disease breaking out where cattle are not permit- 
ted to pasture, even in summer. We have this disease 
a great deal in Texas. It was taken to Missouri by 
shipping cattle from Texas there, and the loss was very 
great to the native stock-raising men of Missouri. (To 
those that pasture their cattle). The stage of incuba- 
tion is from two to six weeks. The blood undergoes a 
change and some of its elements escape into the tissues 
of the body and into the urine, giving it a bloody ap- 
pearance. Diagnosis: As in pneumonia, the tempera- 
ture runs up to 104, or even to 106; the pulse rises from 
normal to a hundred or more. The fever is generally 
preceeded by a chill, the dung and urine becomes 
scant, high-colored or bloody, the milk fails rapidly (if 
in a cow), yellow water is seen to discharge from the 
mouth and nose, looks wild out of the eyes, the back is 
arched, the flanks become hollow, the gait slaggering, 
the hair looks rough, the animal has a cough, the urine 
coagulates on boiling, the mucus membrane of the nose 
becomes yellow and the anus red. There is but little 
trace of the disease in the first, second and third stom- 
achs, but the fourth stomach shows congestion, and the 
intestines are tinged with blood. The liver is not af- 
fected, but the gall bladder is filled with dark colored 
bile. The kidneys are also congested and the secre- 
tions in the bladder are stained with blood and the 
spleen is much affected and enlarged. In healthy cat- 
tle the spleen should weigh from one to one and a half 
pounds, but in cattle with this disease, the spleen has 
been known to weigh as much as 7 or 8 pounds; hence 
we give it the name of splinic fever. Treatment: The 
animal should at once be put in a comfortable stall, well 
bedded, and receive good attention. Give following 
prescription every two hours until fever abates: Give 
immediately 18 oz. sulphate magnesia dissolved in one 



—61— 

quart warm water. Give this at one dose. 
F. E. Aconite dr., 1. 
Geantian Rad. F. E., oz. 1. 
Amon. chl., oz. 1. 
Potass, nit. oz. 1. m. 
Give one oz. dose every hour. 

Lesson 72. 

TERMS USED IN PRACTICE.— 1. Acid? Ans. 
sour. 2. Accelerate? Ans. growing quick or faster, as an 
accelerated pulse. 3. Abcess? Ans. a swelling con- 
taining pus. 4. Ablactation? Ans. a weary from suc- 
llng. 5. Abortion? Ans. tolose the young before time. 
6. Abcission? Cutting away or removing a part. 7. Ab- 
sorb? Ans. taking up or swallowed up. 8. Absorb- 
ent? Ans. vessels which absorb or suck up, as the 
lymphatic glands. 9. Absorption? Ans. taking up by 
the blood vessels of the body any substance. 10. Acar- 
diatrophia? Ans. atrophy or wasting of the heart. 11. 
Abrade? Ans. to wear away. 12. Abdomen? Ans. the 
portion of the body containing the stomach and the in- 
testines. 13. Abnormal? Ans. that which is not nat- 
ural. 14. Abomasum? Ans. the last or fourth stomach. 

15. Actual? Ans. the production of an immediate effect. 

16. Aceni? Ans. strong growth of the liver. 17. Acrid? 
Ans. sharp, irritating or a strong acid. 18. Acute? Ans. 
sharp, severe disease, those which soon come to an end, 
in contradistiction. 19. Albumen? Ans. substance re- 
sembling the white of an egg. 20. Albuminuria? Ans. 
that condition in which the urine contains albumen. 
Aliment? Ans. solid or liquid substance. 22. Affluence? 
Ans. delermative of blood to a part. 23. Alimentary 
canal? Ans. the bowels. 24. Affection? Ans. disease of 
some part. 25. Alkali? Ans. any substance that neu- 
tralizes an acid. 26. Etiology? Ans. relating to the 
doctrine or cause of disease. 27. Alterative? Ans. a 
medicine changing the function of the body. Aerate? 
Ans. mixing with air, as the blood does in the lungs of 
of all animals. 29. Alveoli? Ans. the sockets in the 
jaw bone where the teeth are fastened. 30 Axanrosis? 
Ans. partial or total loss of sight from paralisis of the 



—62— 

retina of the eye. 81. Adipoisey Ans. fatty matter. 
32. Aubury? Ans. a soft, spongy tumor. 33. Adhesive? 
Ans. that which adheres. 34. Adhesion? Ans. joining: 
together. Anurism? Ans. dilation of an artery on the 
heart. 36. Adermatrophy? Ans. wasting of the skin 
(atrophy). 37 Analysis? Ans. separating into parts. 
38. Adenitis? Ans. inflamation of a gland. 39. Ancho- 
losis? Ans. the stiffening of a joint. 40. Antiseptic? 
Ans. agents preventing putrefaction. 41. Aperient? 
Ans. laxative medicine. 42. Anesthetic? Ans. that 
which deprives the animal of suffering, such as chloro- 
form, ether, etc. 43. Apoplexy? Ans. sudden affusion 
of the blood into the substance of the brain. 44. Ano- 
dyne? Ans. medicine to allay pain. Aqueous? Ans. wa- 
tery. 46. Antagonism? Ans. one contradicting another. 
47. Anterior? Ans. in front. 48. Articulate? Ans. joining 
logathro. 49. Anthelmintic? Ans. medicine to expel or to 
kill worms. 50. Asthma? Ans. a disease which causes 
a difficulty in the breathing. ')!. Antiperiodic? Ans. a 
medicine to prevent the return of the paroxism in peri- 
odic disease. 52. Astringent? That which causes con- 
traction of the bowels. 53. Auricle? Ans. the external 
part of the ear. 54. Attenuate? Ans. to draw out, to 
make small. 55. Augment? Ans. to increase. 56. Aus- 
cultation? Ans. the act of listening to sound. 

Lesson 73. 

1. Vertigo? Ans. diziness. 2. Vesicle? A small 
blister. 3. Villi y Pine fibers. 4. Virus? Contageous 
matter. 5. Virulent^ Dangerous. 6. Vision. The act of 
seeing. 7. Vital? Having or containing life, y. Vivify. 
To bring to a vital state. 9. Vulva? The outer opening 
of female ]Darts. the generative parts. 10. Wane? To de- 
crease. 11. Warbles? Small hard tumor. 12. Withers? 
The long part of the shoulder. 13. Windgalls? A disten- 
sion of synovia membranes. 13. Uterus? A lay in which 
the young are carried, before birth. 15. Suture? A 
stitch. 16. Sympathy? The connection existing oe- 
tween two or more organs. 17. Synovia? A fluid re- 
sembling the white of an egg. Thorax? The chest. 19. 



—65- 

Torsion? The act of twisting. '20. Trachea? The wind- 
pipe. 

Lesson 74. 

1. Diminution? Ans. lessening or decreasing. 2. 
Contiuent':' Running together, 3. Dilute? To make thin. 
4. Condiment? Substance used to flavor 'food. 5. Ex- 
cresence? Unnatural. 6. Graminivorous? Feeding on 
grain or grass as feed. 7. Dilation? Expanding. 8. 
Florid? Red or scarlet. 9. Excrement? Refused mat- 
ter. 10. Concretion? Adherence of a part. 11. Contu- 
sion? A wound made by a blow or bruise. 12. Foetus? 
The young before its birth. 13. Fomentation? The ap- 
plication of w^armth and moisture. 14. Friction? Ex- 
citing circulation. Fumigate? Application of smoke or 
vapor. 16. Function. The office or duty of any part of 
the body. 17. Fundament? The anus. Fungus? An 
unnatural growth. 19. Ganghorn? Nerve fibers. 20. 
Gangreen? Death of a part. 21. Gastric? Pertaining to 
the stomach. 22. Gastritis? Inflamation of the stom- 
ach. 23. Generate? To beget offspring. 24. Genital? 
Relating to reproduction of young. 25. Gland? A 
structure of secreting. 27. Gestation? Being with 
young. 27. Gleet? Thin matter from an ulc^r. 28. 
Glottis? The narrow opening of the top of the windpipe. 
29. Graminivorous? Feeding on grass and other vegeta- 
bles. 30. Diffuse? To extend or drive out. 31. Diar- 
rhoea? Watery discharge from the bowels. 32. Dia- 
phra'gm? The large flat muscle that divides the heart and 
lungs from the stomach and intestines. 33. Diaphor- 
etic? A medicine which causes sweating. 34. Diagnosis? 
The distinction of one disease from another. 35. Dia- 
betis? Excessive flow of the urine. 36. Develop? To 
increase. 37. Detergents? Medicine having the power 
of cleansing. 38. Desicate? To make dry. 39. Dermal? 
Belonging to the skin. 40. Depilatory? Any agent 
which causes the loss of hair. 41. Dens? A tooth, 42. 
Delerium? Insanity. Deleterious? Poisonous. 44. De- 
generate? To become worse. 45. Defecation? Purefy- 
ing from impurities. 46. Decompose? To decay. 47. 
Debility? Weakness. 48. Cystitis? Inflamation of the 



—64— 

bladder, 49. Cystic Duct? The duct which proceeds 
from the gall bladder. 

Lesson 75. 

1. Cyst, a small bladder. 2. Contorted, twisted. 3. 
Chyme, the food modified and prepared by the stomach. 
4. Contagious, a disease that may be communicated by 
breath or in contact with the body. 5. Constriction, 
drawing or binding together. 6. Congestion, clogged 
blood. 7. Cica*"jrice, scar from a wound. 8. Conception, 
fecundation by action of a male. 9. Comatose, constant 
sleep. 19. Coma, drowsiness produced by depression 
of the brain. 12. Coition, the act of copulation. 13. Co- 
lon, a large gut. 14. Collapse, faUing together. 14. Co- 
agulate, to clot. 15. Castrate, to deprive of testicles. 
16. Curb, a soft swelling. 1^. Culdesac, a sack closed 
at one end. 18. Crusta, a scab. 15. Crisis, the point 
of a change. 20. Costa, a rib. 21. Corrugation, con- 
tracting the skin into rinkles. 22. Corrosive, that which 
eats away. 23. Copious, a discharge. 24. Convoluted, 
rolled together. 25. Convalescent, health after sick- 
ness. 26. Chronic, lingering, long standing. 27. Cas- 
trate, to geld. 23. Chronditis, inflamation of a cartilage. 
29. Chyle, bile. 30. Chalybeate, any medicine that 
contains iron. 31. Cerebral, pertaining to the biain. 32. 
Caustic, any medicine that burns. 33. Cathartic, purgative 
medicine. 34. Cataplasm, a poultice. 35. Carotid Ca- 
nal, a canal through which the carotid artery passes. 

36. Caraminitive, medicine which warms or stimulates. 

37. Capsule, a sack or membranous bag. 33. Capusa- 
lar Ligament, a ligament that surrounds a joint. 39. 
Capillary, hair like. 40. Callous, a hard deposit, bony. 

Lesson 76. 

FRACTURES OF THE BONES— There are three 
kinds of fractures: simple, compound and complex. In 
simple fracture the bone is broken without any comph- 
tions. In compound the ends of the bones push 
through the flesh and protrude. In complex the bone 
is shattered in several pieces. How to test for broken 
limbs: You can tell by the unnatural position of the 



-65- 

]imb, the way it hang-s, by the grating of the bones up- 
on one another when the parts are moved. 
As a rule, bones are more easily repaired in cattle than 
horses, owing to the cattle being more quiet. How to 
treat a fracture: Place the bones as near together as 
possible, and prepare plaster made of plaster paris. 
Make the plaster paris by applying water until you 
have a thin paste. Then apply to the bandage, say 
about six or eight feet long, then holding the bones to 
place, go round and round the limb until your bandage 
s all taken up. Make sling and swing the animal be- 
fore you undertake to apply the bandage. Let bandage 
stay on about 12, days and keep in swing about 4 or 
five weeks. Peed on soft feed and keep bowels well 
open. Compound fractures are nearly always fatal, or 
if broken in a joint where the synovial fluid is allowed 
to leak out, it will leave the joint stiff. My advice would 
be to kill the animal in a case like that. 

Lesson 77. 

WOLPE TEETH— Those teeth are small teeth call- 
ed blind teeth by those that are not posted on the tooth 
subject. They come out just in front of the molar 
teeth above. Some think they effect the nerve, some 
think they cause enlargements on the head, some think 
they cause gleeting at the nose, some one thing and 
some another; but let me say right here that they nev- 
er cause any serious trouble. They do not form ab- 
cesses, they do not cause big head, neither do they in- 
interfere with the mastication of the food. When 
there is a knot on the head, it is caused from a mo- 
lar tooth or else it is caused from a kick or hurt of 
some kind. Most all horses have these teeth, but most 
of them loose them out while eating, and should the 
knot or enlargement be found on the head (nomatter 
what the cause) and teeth be found in the mouth, why 
then, of course the blind teeth is the cause of it. Now 
remember what I have said on this subject, and don't 
be led to believe that these teeth (called blind teeth) 
cause any trouble, whatever. Horses very often have 



—66— 

toothache. How to know it: It will be noticed by the 
horse holding his head to one side while drinking or 
eating. We also have teeth with ulcers on the root 
just like a man. We detect this with a tooth sound or 
a little hammer. When you tap on the touth that is af- 
fected, he will give way to pain. A discharge from a 
tooth is often taken for nasa' gleet, and sometime for 
glanders by those that know nothing regarding stock, 
and let me tell you right here they are few and far be- 
tween that know anything about the diseases of stock. 
Lots of men are good judges of horses, but know noth- 
ing about the diagnosis of a disease. They are excusa- 
able, however, for they have never been taught any- 
thing on this line. Sometimes when the lower teeth is 
ulcerated, it will break out at the lower part of the jaw, 
and sometime at the root of thetongue, and the odor is 
just awful to smell. Sometimes atcoth gets broken off 
or pulled out, and one below or the one above (if it be a 
lower tooth out) will extend up until it cuts the gum 
and even pi'events the proper mastication of food and 
causes the horse to suffer a great deal and, even cause 
death — if not directly, indirectly. Such teeth should 
be removed. Uneven teeth very often lacerate the 
mouth and cause much trouble. All such teeth, if 
sound, should be dressed down smooth by the use of a 
tooth I'asp, and if decayed, they should be pulled out. 
We have other horses that have a mouth called parrot 
mouth. This is where the upper nippers protrude over 
the under ones or the under ones come in front of the 
upper ones. Such teeth should be kept cut off to keep 
from lacerating the gums. You should never let a 
colt's tooth stay in the mouth long enough to cause the 
gums to inflame. I will proceed to tell you how they 
should shed: At two and one-half years old the colt 
will shed four teeth, two in the center below in front, 
and two above. These teeth are called nippers. At 
three and one-half he will shed two more below and two 
above. At four and one-half years, he will shed the 
corners, and at five they are all grown. Then you will 
hear people say he has a full mouth — they mean he has 
grown teeth. 



—67— 

Lesson 78, 

TEETH OF CATTLE— The calf is very often born 
with nippers, or they will show in nine or ten days 
from birth — I mean two nippers. About twenty or 
twenty-five days the second nippers will appear — the 
ones next to the middle ones — and about thirty to thir- 
ty-five days the corners appear and then he has all the 
nippers. In about twenty to twenty-four months he 
will shed the two center teeth, and they are replaced 
by two permanent teeth. At three and one-half years 
the next two shed. At four and one-half years the cor- 
ners shed. Prom five to six years the teeth are full 
and round. Prom seven to eight we will find the nip- 
pers worn, and from eight to ten you will find the cor- 
ners worn. Prom eleven to thirteen the teeth are 
short and wide apart, so there is no use to let a man 
put an old cow on you for a young one, no matter if she 
is dehorned. (This is done very often to deceive the 
people.) 

Lesson 79. 

RETENTION OP THE URINE— This is when the 
urine can't pass, and we call it retention of the urine, 
caused from inflamation of the neck of the bladder, dil- 
uretic medicines, etc Symptoms* The animal will 
show colicy pains, try to urinate, and sometimes small 
quantities of matter will pass, and other times blood. 
It will have fever, respiration and pulse quick, very 
tender if you press just in front of the pelvis bone. The 
bladder is tender to the touch. If you examine the 
bladder per the rectum, and on pressure, you will find 
it very sore and tender. If there is a stone in the blad- 
der, it can be felt by inserting the hand in the rectum. 
Treatment: Remove the cause if possible, give plenty 
of soft feed, giving no hay or hard feed of any kind for 
several days. Wash out the bladder good by inserting 
a catheter. Use Bichloride and warm water, about 1 to 
1000. After you have done this, keep the kidneys well 
ergulated by giving him two drs. acetate of potash 
once per day. Also give one ounce of nitro muratic 



-68- 

acid, 25 gtts., three times in drinking water. 
Lesson 80, 

TUBERCULOSIS IN CATTLE— Causes: From 
absorption of poison into the system, the poisons locat- 
ing itself in the form of sores or tumors. These tu- 
mors vary in size from the size of a buck shot to the 
size of a goose egg. These tumors may be found on 
the periteneum, on the diaphragm, liver, kidneys, etc. 
The flesh on such animals is unfit for food, yet they 
are eaten by many who know nothing about such being 
the case. The muscles will be found pale and soft. 
Some say it is hereditary. I sometimes think myself 
that it is, for I have seen sucking calves with it, and 
when examined after death, have found them full of tu- 
bercular tumors. Diagnosis: Loss of appetite, the hair 
looks rough, dull cough, she does not lick herself, the 
skin is yellow, she falls off in flesh very rapidly, the 
cough grows worse, diarrhoea nearly always follows, 
pain when the sides are pressed on. stand on feet while 
sick almost the entire time, and sometimes you will see 
breaking out on the body. Treatment: Apply mus- 
tard plaster to the chest repeatedly, and give oils, soft 
food, hnseed meal, avoid grasses and hay or hard food 
of any kind. In first stage they may be fattened and 
killed for beef, but in the third stage I would advise 
you not to kill for beef. The flesh is unfit for food, ev- 
en in the second stage. Remember to always keep the 
bowels open and give all the pure, fresh water he wants 
to drink. You may give the following prescription: 
Ferri sulph. ex., oz. 2. Gentian, oz. 3. Quin. Sulph., 
oz. SS. Mix. Ft. Chart No. 12. Sig. One pwd. three 
times a day. 

Lesson 8L 

SPAYING CATTLE— The best age to spay heifers 
is from eighteen to two years old. Deprive them of 
any kind of feed for 48 hours, also water. To prepare 
her for operation, you first throw her on her left side, 



-69- 

stretch her hhid feet far behind her, and bring- her fore 
feet to body and fasten to cirsinger. Then shave off 
hair on right side just below last short rib. Now you 
are ready to use the knife. Make an incision parellel 
with the way the hair runs, about six inches long. Now 
pass your hand in, and when you come to the peritenum 
wall, gently push through, using your index finger for 
a guide. After you are through the wall, you will feel 
for the womb; follow it up until you come to the fork, 
(you will find the womb forked) then follow up the right 
or left prong until you come to the ovary. Now draw 
this out and twist it otf, don't cut as it will cause bleed- 
ing. The next step is to sew up the wound. First, 
sew up the internal wound with catgut, using some 
kind of antiseptic on your hands and instruments. Car- 
bolic acid is good or bichloride of mercury, 1 to 1000. 
Be careful not to get any hairs on the inside of the ani- 
mal, as it will cause trouble. Feed on light food for a 
few days and all is right. Don't forget that any one 
who can spay a hog can spay a heifer. 

Lesson 82. 

INFLAMATION OF THE BRAIN— Inllamation 
may come on from fever. We have it mostly in warm 
weather, say in the summer months, the principal 
cause being too free flow of blood to the brain. This 
causes increased action m all the circulatory vessels. 
Diagnosis: There will be strong pulsations of the lin- 
gual arteries., also in the temporal arteries. The eyes 
are red, and sometimes the animal will fall, but gener- 
ally rise again. There will be trembling of the mus- 
cles, and the urine will be highly colored and hot. There 
will be a grating of the teeth. Sometimes it is 
caused by impactions of the bowels. Treatment: Give 
a good purgative when you first make the diagnosis. 
Use prescription No. 87. Calomel, Dr. 1. Oleum Tig- 
lii. Gtt. 20. Linseed oil, O. I. Mix and give at one 
dose. Give injection of warm soap suds water: then 
give No. H7 as directed. 



UM: 



-70- 

Lesson 83. 



SEPTICEMIA IN CATTLE— This is caused 
from absorption of pus, or it is caused from letting a 
cow carry the after birth too long, and she absorbs poi- 
son. (Septicemia, a poisoning of the blood) After 41 
hours, if a cow does not clean herself, (throw off the af- 
ter birth) she should be attended to. First, grease 
your hand and arm well with lard, secure the cow, and 
gently insert your hand in her vagina — this will be eas- 
ily done — then insert your fingers in the womb in a 
funnel-shape and work slow and with caution until you 
are in the womb. Now you may find the womb fast- 
ened to the cotylegeons (these are little knots that are 
found in the womb and sometimes enlarge to the size 
of a hen egg or larger). Be careful in getting the after 
birth from these, for if you tear one, you may have hem- 
morrhage. Diagnosis: You will know this by the 
staring look, by the fast breathing, by loss of appetite. 
After you have removed the after birth, wash out the 
parts well with warm water, one gallon, Carbolic acid, 
1 dr. Repeat this every day for a week or more if you 
think tbe case requires it. Use Prescription No. 89 — 
Sulphate magnesia, oz. 20. Aqua, warm O. II. Mix 
and give at once, and after six hours follow up with 
No. 87. 



m^^^ 



V Prescriptions 



IT 



No. 1. Flatulent or Wind Colic— Salsoda 1-2 oz. Tr. 
peppermint 2 dr. Warm water 3 oz. Mix, grive at one 
dose, and repeat every 25 minutes until relieved. 

No. 2. Spasmodic Colic — Chloroform 2 dr. Sul. Eth- 
er 1-2 oz. Tr. Opii 1-2 oz, P. E. Canibus Indica Gtt. 
30. Mix, give every 25 minutes until relieved. 

No. 3. Inflamation of the Kidneys — Tr. Opii 1-2 oz. 
Sweet spts. nitre 1-2 oz. Oil of cubebs 1 dr. Warm 
water oz 6. Mix, give at one doss every 60 minutes un- 
til relieved. 

No. 4. Thumps in Horses — Whiskey Rye oz. 8. Tr. 
Digatilis dr. 2. Mix, give one-half oz. in half pint 
sweetened water every three or four hours until re- 
lieved. 

No. 5. Liniments for Puffs — Oil of origanum. Oil of 
cedar. Oil of sasafras, a. a. oz. 2. Alcohol oz. 8. Bathe 
parts well and use the bandage as taught you in the 
lesson. 

No. 6. Blind Staggers — Quinine Sulphate oz. 1 Spts. 
Vini. Rectiff. oz. 10. Mix, give one oz, in half pint of 
water every three hours. Then give a good purga- 
tive, say one quart of raw linseed oil 5 dr. aloes powd. 
Mix and drench all atone dose. 

No. 7. Lockjaw in Horses — P. E. Gelsemium, P. E. 
Lobelia, of each oz. 2. Mix, give one oz. every three 
hours as drench or per rectum. Give hypodermically 
morphine every three or four hoursinSgr. doses. Keep 
bowels well open. , 

No. H. Blister— Red Iodide Meroz 1-2. Pwdcanthdr 2. 
Adeps enough to make a soft paste. Shave off hair and 
then rub on medicine and use bandage as taught you. 



-72- 

No. 9. Blain in Cattle — Sulphate of magnesia oz. 20. 
Warm water one qt. Dissolve and give at one close as 
drench. Repeat in six hours if bowels not open well. 

No.lO. Blainin Cattle, Fever— P. E. Aconite gtt. 20. Tr. 
Belladonna Gtt. 10. Mix, give every 30 minutes until 
fever abates. 

No 11 Blain — Give this purgative when other will not 
do, but don't give this if the other will act. Oleum Tig- 
lii gtt. 15, Calomel gr. 30, Sulphate magnesia oz. 15. 
Mix with oil, linseed or sweet, and give at one dose. 

No. 12. Constipation in Cattle — Oil Linseed (raw) oz 
12, Gentian Ginger a a dr 2. Mix, give at one dose and 
repeat in 12 hours, and continue until bowels are regu- 
lated. 

No 13 Diarrhoea in Calves — Tr Opii dr 2, Boiled 
sweet milk half pint. Mix, give every three hours un- 
til bowels are checked. 

No 14 Diarrhoea in Calves — Give tablespoonful of 
prepared chalk every few hours until purging ceases. 

No 15 Costiveness in Cattle — Glauber Salts oz 1-2, 
Corn meal one pint made into a gruel by pouring on 
boiling water. Mix, and stir, give as drench. Now, 
this is for grown cattle, give smaller doses if not grown. 

No 16 Hoose in Calves — My blood purifier, teaspoon- 
ful. Turpentine gtt 20, Tr aconite gtt 10, Mix, give 
every few hours and follow with injection of warm 
water and castile soap. 

No 17 Flux or Slimy Black Rot in Cattle — Oil linseed 
oz. 10. Give three times daily, and also give Tr Opii oz 
SS three times daily. 

No 18 Splenic Fever in Cattle~F E Aconite dr 1, 
Gentian Rad F E oz 1, Ammon chl oz 1, Potas nit oz 
SS. Mix. give one oz every hour until fever abates. 

No 19 Heaves in Horses — Arsnicum alba dr 2, Pwd 
stramonium dr 2. Mix, divide into 24 pwd, give one 
per day in mashed feed. 



-73- 

No 20 Screw Worm Killer — Chloroform oz 2, Acid 
Carbolic oz 1, Oil picis, liq oz 1-SS. Mix and apply to 
worms. 

No 21 Liniment for Curb —Oil Organum, Oil Spike, 
Oil Amber, Oil Turpentine, Oil Camphor a a oz 1, Alco- 
hol q s oz 10. Mix. Bathe parts well two or three 
times per day. 

No 22 Pneumonia— Nitrate Potash oz 5, Soda bicar- 
bonate oz 1. Mix, divide into 12 pwd, give one every 4 
hours; at same time give No 23. 

No 23 Pneumonia — Carbonate ammonia oz 1, Pulver- 
ized chincona bark, oz 2 1-2. Pulv nux vomica oz 1-2, 
Pulv digitalis leaves dr 3, Pulv gentian oz 2. Mix and 
make into 8 balls, give one every 6 or 8 hours. 

No 24 Healing Powders for Fresh Wounds — Burnt 
alum oz 2, Prepared chalk oz 2, Calomel dr 2. Mix and 
sprinkle on parts three or four times per day. 

No 25 Scratches, Etc — Oxide zinct dr 4, Carbolic 
acid dr 2. Adepts to make a soft paste, and apply to 
parts two or three times per day. 

No 26 Swollen Tendons or Legs— Salt peter oz 4, 
Sugar lead oz 2, Muriate ammonia oz 1, Chloride sodium 
pt 1. Mix, shake well before using and rub parts three 
or four times per day. 

No 27 Ring Worm — Flower of sluphur ozl. Iodide 
potassium oz SS, Iodine dr. 3, Oil of tar oz 5. Mix and 
apply to parts two or three times per day. 

No 28 Mange — Oil olive oz 4, Oil tar oz 5, Flour sul- 
phur oz 2. Mix and rub affected parts well. Leave on 
25 hours, after which wash off and apply again, and so 
continue until well. 

No 29 Lice on Cattle — Plug of tobacco, Greenville is 
best, lib 1, Water 3 gallons. Boil one-half hour and 
wash parts well. Repeat in 48 hours if necessary. 

No 30 Snow Liniment — Aq ammonia oz 1, Olive oil oz 2. 
Mix. This is good liniment for any local bruise. 



—74- 

No 31 Cough Balls — Digitalis oz SS, Camphor, Tar- 
tar emetic, linseed meal a a oz 1, Nitrate potash dr 3. 
Mix, make three pills, and give one per day until cough 
ceases. 

No 32 Soap Liniment — Hard soap, Camphor, Oil rose- 
merry a a oz 1, Rect spirits pt 1. Mix the soap with the 
spirits, then add the other, and rub parts affected. 

No 33 Alterative— Powd aloes oz 1 1-2, Castile soap 
1 1-2 oz, Pwd carraway seed oz 1 1-2, Powd ginger dr 4. 
Use palm oil to make mass, divide into six balls and 
give one per day. 

No 34 Condition Balls — Powd ginger, Powd gentian 
aaozl. Sulphate iron oz 2. Mix, make in four pills 
and give one per day. 

No 35 Purgative for Cattle — Epsom salts one and 
one-half lbs. Gentian, Ginger a a oz 2, Calomel dr 1, 
Croton oil gtt 20, Warm water qt 1. Mix, give at one 
dose. This is for a bad case where a mild puagative 
will not do. 

No 36 Inflamation of the Bowels — Digitalis gtt 15 
Tr. Opii oz SS, P E aconite gtt 20, Water oz 6. Mix, 
give at one dose every 60 minutes until relieved: 

No 37 My blood purifier. Black antimony, Poenu- 
greek aa oz 1, Gentian, Mustard a a oz 2, Sassafras 
bark oz 1, Sulphur oz 4, White arsenic dr 1, Nux vomi- 
ca dr 2, Mix, give tablespoonful twice per day in feed. 

No 38 Wart Extractor — Sulphuric acid. Nitric acid, 
Sulphate zinct a a oz SS. Mix. Cut off wart smooth 
with surface and apply once per day for eight days. 

39 Heaves, How to Patch Up — Oil picis liq oz 2, P E 
Lobelia oz 1. Mix, give at one dose and repeat every 
morning for three mornings. Give no dry food. 

No 40 How to Fatten Your Horses in a Very Short 
Time — Nitric acid dr 3, Soda bicarbonate oz 2, Assa- 
feotida dr 3. Mix, give one tablespoonful twice per 
day in meal. 



—75- 

No 41 Hog Cholera — Unslacked lime oz 6, Assafeoti- 
da oz 1, English Calomel oz 1. Dissolve in quart water 
and give tablespoonful once per day. 

No 42 Eye Lotion Where There is Inflamation — Sil- 
ver nitrate, gr 10, Sulphate zinct gr 3, Water oz 4. Mix 
and apply to eye three or four times a day. 

No 43 Proud Flesh — Sulphate zinct dr 3, Sugar lead 
oz 1, Burnt alum oz 2. Mix, and sprinkle on parts 
three or four times a day. 

No 44 Svrollen Sheath and Penis — Sugar lead oz 1, 
Sulphate zinct dr 3, Water one qt. Mix, and bathe 
parts freely three or four times per day. 

No 45 Fever Mixture — Tr aconite dr 1, F E Bella- 
donna dr 2, Aq oz 4. Mix, give teaspoonful every hour 
on tongve. 

No 46 Poison Horses or Cov^s — Hydrated chloral oz 
1, Tr opii oz SS. Mix, give at one dose every tv70 hours 
until symptoms subside. 

No 47 Thumps in Horses — Whiskey oz 2, Sweet 
spts nitre oz SS, Nitrate pot dr 1. Mix, give at one 
dose, and repeat in eight hours if necessary. 

No 48 Purgative for Horses — Nux vom dr 1, Gentian 
Ginger aa dr 2, Aloes powd dr 7. Mix. Sig Bolus give at 
one dose, but don't repeat under 48 hours. 

No 49 Eye Water — This is for sore eyes where thej^ 
are mattering. Zinct sulphate gr 5, Nitrate silver gr 
10, Attrophine Sulp gr 2 1-2, Aq dis oz 5. Mix and put a 
few drops in eye every four or five hours. 

No 50 Nasal Gleet — Carbolic acid, oz 1, Oil tar oz 4, 
Alchohol oz 6, Turpentine oz 2, Aq oz 6. Mix. First 
wash out nostrils with soap and warm water, then use 
one tablespoonful as spray after washing. 

No 51 Hoof Liniment — Oil tar oz 4, Oil origanum oz 1, 
Oil linseed oz 6, Alchohol oz 7. Mix and apply to foot 
once or twice per day. 



-76- 

No 52 Collar or Saddle Sores — Pulv alum oz SS, 
Sulphur oz SS, Calomel gr 30, Mix, and grease the 
parts before using with vasaline: then sprinkle on part 
4 or five times a day. 

No 53 Fistula Liniment — This is for fistula before 
it has bursted and running. Turpentine oil, Coal oil a 
a oz 2, Hartshorn, oz 1, Oil sassafrass oz 1 1-2, Mix, 
and bathe parts once per day for three days, then iron 
with hot iron each day. 

No 54 Lung Fever (Blister) — If the pulse is beating at 
70 per minute, you may bhster opposite the lungs with 
this blister. Canthradise dr 4, Adeps oz 4, Resin oz 
SS. Mix and apply to parts every three hours until 
well blistered. 

No 55 Gravel in Stem of Bladder — Take prickly pear 
pads that bloom on the prairie. Gather one gallon of 
pads, put in three gallons of w^ater and boil until you 
have one gallon, then strain through cloth and give one 
pint of this medicine per day as drench until symptoms 
are no more. 

No 56 Wormy Horses — Calomel gr 30, Coperas dr 3, 
Pulv sage oz 1, Pwd arsenic dr 1. Mix and divide into 
12 pwd. Give one three times a day in feed. 

No 57 Old Sores— Lanar costic dr 1, Water oz 2. 
Mix, and apply to sore two or three times per day with 
soft rag or cotton. 

No 58 Sore mouth — Borax oz 1, Honey oz 2, Water 
oz 4. Mix, and apply three or four times per day if 
you think case requires it. 

No 59 Favorite Liniment — This is one of the best 
liniments on the market and is called Dr. Rutherford's 
Favorite Liniment. This is the same formula that is 
us3d at the labaratory in putting this up for the trade: 
Oil of cedar oz 2, Sul ether oz SS, Oil sassafras oz 4, 
Aq amonia oz SS, Gum camph dr 3, Spts Vini rectif q 
s O I. Mix and apply three or four times per day if 
necessary. 

P S This liniment is also good for man; burns, cuts 



-77- 

or any kind of hart. 

No 60 Liniments for Strained or Stiff Joints Where 
it is Bad— Oil of Spike, Oil of Organum a a oz 2, Aq 
ammonia oz 1, Alcohol q s oz 8. Mix and bathe affected 
parts well three or four times a day until you get up a 
good blister, then grease with hog lard. 

No 61 Blood Stopper — Monsells solution of iron oz2, 
Sig. Saturate a piece of cotton, say as large as a quail 
egg, press to the bleeding parts, and the blood will stop 
immediately. 

No 62 For Colic in Cows — Tr opii oz 1 1-2, Ext gin- 
ger dr 6, FECanibis indie oz SS, Aq warmoz 20. Mix, di- 
vide into two doses, give half as drench and repeat in 30 
minutes if not relieved of the pain. 

No 63 Tonic for Cattle — Pwd gentian oz 1, Pwd gin- 
ger oz 1, Sulphate quinine oz SS, Pwd iron oz 2. Mix, 
divide into 12 pwd, and give one three times per day. 

No 64. Worms — Aloes barb dr 4, Ferri Sulph pure 
dr 4, Calomel dr 2, Antimony Tart dr 4. Mix, divide 
into three doses and give one per day. 

No 65 Diarrhea — Protan dr 6, Pwd ginger ozl. Mix, 
make into three pills and give one every three hours. 

No 66 Catarrh— Sodium chloride, Sodium Sulphate 
a a oz 4, Sodium bicarbonate oz 2, Licorice root oz 3. 
Mix, give one tablespoonful three times a day. 

No 67 Dispepsia — Sodium chloride oz 5, Reduced 
iron dr 2. Calamus root pwd oz 1, Bicarbonate soda oz 
2. Mix, give tablespoonful three times a day. 

No 68 Gall (Saddle) — Salicylic acid. ozSS, Resorsindr 
2. Lactic acid dr 2, Colodium flex oz 1 SS. Mix, wash 
otf parts well and apply enough of the medicire to form 
a thick coat, let remain three days, then wash off and 
use the following (No 69): 

No 69 Gall (Saddle) — lodiform. Sub nitbis. Calomel 
a a dr 1, Alum burnt oz SS, Ac boricum oz 1. Mix, 
sprinkle on parts three or four times per day. 

P S You may have to repeat the first as many as 



—78- 

three times, but where not bad case, one application 
will do the work. 

No 70 Jaundice in Cattle — Aloes oz 2 SS, Rhubarb 
oz 2 SS, Argols (crude tarter) oz 5, Calamus oz 5, So- 
dium Sulphate oz 5. Mix, ^ive one tablespoonful three 
times a day. You can tell this disease by the mucus of 
the mouth and the white of the eye turning yellow, 
also the urine becomes dark and the dung light. 

No 71 Lice on Cattle — Yellow bar soap oz 20, Alco- 
hol (wood) oz 2, Crude naptholine, oz 2, Aqua oz 80. Mix, 
heat over a gentle tire and then stir until cold. Rub 
the parts thoroughly and repeat in two days if you 
think necessary. 

No 72 Udder (Inflamation) — Salicylic acid gr 50. 
Mercurial ointment oz 1, Liniment camph oz 3. Mix, 
apply to udder and rub freely four or five times per 
day. 

No 73 Urine (Bloody) — Sodium acetate, Powd camph 
dr 3 of each, White lead dr 1. Mix, divide into 12 pwd, 
give one three times a day in feed, or as drench in pint 
of water. 

No 74 Worms (In Cattle) — Powd wormwood, Powd 
Tansy, Powd aloes a a oz 1, Dippel's oil oz 4, Linseed 
oil oz 16. Mix, give half as dre ich and wait six hours 
and give remainder. 

No 75 Worm (Hog) — Sodium sulphate pwd oz2. Tan- 
sy pwd dr 5. Castor oil dr 7, Naptholine dr SS. Mix 
with molasses ond give tablespoonful every two hours. 

No 76 Cough (in dogs) -Sodium bromide dr 2, Cre- 
sote water oz 2, Fennel water oz 4. Mix, and give half 
tablespoonful four times daily. 

No 77 Cough (in dogs) — Tr belladonna oz SS, Syrup 
squills oz SS, Paregoric oz 1, Aq q s oz 6. Give one 
teaspoonful three times a day. 

No 78 Distemper in Dogs — Tr aconite rooc dr SS, 
Sweet spts nitre oz SS, Tr g'entian oz SS, Syrup tulu 



—79— 

oz 2, Aq q s oz 4. Give a tablespoonful every two hrs 
and feed on beef tea. svt^eet milk and raw eggs. 

No 79 Distemper (in dogs) — Elixir bromide potassi- 
um oz 6, Tr gelsemium dr 3. Mix, and give teaspoon- 
ful every two hours. 

No 80 Constipation in Dogs— Give tablespoonful of 
castor oil, repeating this in 8 or 10 hours, also give in- 
jections of soap and warm water freely. If this will 
not do, try No 81. 

No 81 Constipation in Dogs— Jalap dr 1, Ginger, 
Gentian a a dr 1, Syrup q s dr 1. Give as one dose. 

No 82 Mange in Dogs — Mange is so well known, I 
will only give you the Prescription for it. Oil cadium 
oz 1, Flour of sulphur oz 2, Adeps oz 4. Mix, wash 
dog well, dry thoroughly and rub on medicine. 

No 83 Pneumonia in Hogs — How to know it: By the 
fast breathing and shivering. There will be more or 
less cough, and the hog will loose appetite. Put the 
animal in a comfortable stall, put a mustard plaster on 
the chest and give the following: Soda bisulphate dr 3, 
Nitrate potash dr 3. Make one pint of meal gruel and 
stir this in when cold. Give the hog half of this if he 
will eat it; if not, drench him by placing a board in his 
mouth with a hole through it so he can't crush bottle or 
bite operator. The best position in which to have the 
hog while drenching is sitting on his hind parts with 
his feet before him. No danger in drenching this way. 
Give all the sweet milk he will drink. 

No 84 Quinsy in Hogs — You know this by the swell- 
ing under the throat. It is a common and very often 
fatal disease if not treated immediately, and with the 
proper treatment. If you find the hog has difficulty in 
swallowing, and there is a swelling under the neck, 
you may know there is Quinsy. First, secure the hog 
good, and puncture the parts well, as I have spoken of 
in another part of this book, and apply very hot cloths 
to the parts, keeping this up for several minutes at a 
time, and repeating often. After using this treatment 



-80- 

several times, rub on my Favorite Liniment 4 or 5 times 
a day, then give Prescription per rectum. Sulphate 
magnesia oz 4, Olive oil oz 4, Soapsuds 1 pt or 1-2 pt. 
Mix and inject. 

No 85 Congestion of the Brain in Hogs — The hog be- 
comes dull and stupid, the bovpels constipated, begins 
to walk in a circle, the limbs become stiff, he will froth 
at the mouth, the breathing is hard. This is most com- 
mon in well-fed hogs. Hogs that are thin in flesh are 
rarely affected with this' disease. Give him the follow- 
ing per mouth if convenient; if not, per rectum will do. 
Quinine sulph gr 30, Spts Vini rectif oz 5. Mix, give 
one oz in 1-2 pt sweet milk every two hours, give pur- 
gative. 

No 86 Diarrhoea In Hogs — Pwd foenugreek seed oz 

2, Powd chalk oz 2, Pwd Gentian oz 1, Soda bicarbon- 
ate oz 1. Mix, give tablespoenful to each hog three 
times a day. Give to pigs according to size and age. 

No 87 Lice on Hogs — Wash hog well with soap and 
water, and take creoline oz 2, Warm water one gal, 
wash and not dry. This will kill them every time, but 
you may have to repeat where there is nits to hatch, 
which were on the ends of the hairs that the creoline 
did not reach. 

No 88 Mange in Hogs— Flower of sulphur oz 2, ox- 
ide zinct, oz 1, Adeps oz 10. Mix, wash hog good, and 
after drying, smear omtment all over him good, 
letting it remain two days. You may have to re- 
peat in bad case, but hardly ever. Give internally sul- 
phur dr 2. Nitrate pot gr 15. Mix, give once per day 
for ten days. Apply mustard plasters as taught you 
and give oils and soft feed. Give no dry feed at all. 
Then give this: Ferri Sulph Ex uz 2, Gentian Rad oz 

3, Quin Sulph oz 1-2. Mix Ft Chart No 12. Sig. Give 
one pwd three times day, noon, morning and night. 

No 89 Inflamation of the Brain — Calomel dr 1, Ole- 
um Tiglii Gtt 20, Oil linseed, pt 1. Mix, give at one 
dose. After six hours give No w8 as directed. 



-81- 

No 90 Septicemia In Cattle — Sulphate of magnesia 
oz 20, Aqua oz 24. Mix and give at one dose. Wait six 
hours, then give No 88. 

No 91 For Strained Shoulders in Cattle — Aq amonia 
oz 3, Oil Terebenth oz 3, Spts camph oz 4, Oil origan- 
um oz 8. Mix and rub parts v^ell two or three times a 
day until you get a good blister. 

No 92 For Lice on Cattle— Strong bar soap oz^ 12, 
Gx'eenville plug tobacco oz 6, Naptholine crude oz 3, 
Water one gal. Boil d(^wn to one-half gallon and wash. 
This will kill them every time. 

No 93 Fly and Mosquito Oil — Ac Carbolic oz 3, Oil 
Pennyroyal oz 8, Oil Picis liq oz 12, Cottonseed oil oz. 
16. Mix, shake well ond apply to mane and tail and 
around on the walls, if in the stable. 

No 94 Sores About the Feet of Cattle— Wash off 
good with warm water and castile soap. Rinse the 
parts well and drj' and apply the following: Sugar 
lead oz 1, Zinc sulphatis dr 2, Muriate ammonia oz SS, 
Aqua O I. Mix. Sig. Wash parts two or three times 
a day. 

No 95 Mange on Dogs — Oil turpentine oz 2, Oil ca- 
dium oz 2, Benzine oz 3, Olive oil q s ad pt 1. Mix, and 
bathe dog well, after washing with soap and water. Let 
stay on 48 hours, then wash off. 

No 96 Old Sores and Proud Flesh — Burnt alum oz 1, 
Sub nit bis dr 2, Calomel dr 1, Acid boric oz 2. Mix 
and sprinkle on parts once per day after washing good. 

No 97 Saddle or Harness Hurts on the Back — Oil or- 
iganum oz 2, Oil cedar oz 3, Spts Vini rectif oz 5. Mix 
and bathe parts two or three times a day for five days, 
then grease parts well with olive oil to keep the hair 
from falling out. Now, this is for the back when first 
bruised. If there is a sitfast, nothing but a knife will 
remove it. 

No 98 Fever Mixture Where Fever is High for Horse 
or Cow — Gentian Rad F E oz 1, F E Belladonna dr 2, F 



82 

E aconite drl, Potas nit oz SS. Mix, give two oz ev- 
ery two hours until fever goes down. 

No 99 Another Good One for Fever — Quinine sulph 
dr 6, Acatanhd oz 2, Spts ether nit oz 2, Alcohol oz 10. 
Mix, and give one and one-half oz every two or three 
hours in half pt aqua. 

No 100 Sore Teats in Cattle— Acid Tanic dr 4, Acid 
Carbol dr 1, Oil olive oz 6. Mix and grease teats good 
after milking. 



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